Single-Fiber Study of Contractile and Biochemical Properties of Skeletal Muscles in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Abstract

Mechanically skinned, single muscle fibers, isometrically activated in pH and Ca²⁺ (Sr²⁺) buffered solutions were used to examine the function of the contractile apparatus in slow- and fast-twitch fibers from soleus (SOL, predominantly slow-twitch) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL, predominantly fast-twitch) muscles of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats and age-matched controls. Three and 14 days after STZ administration, the contractile properties of muscle fibers from diabetic rats did not differ significantly from those of controls with respect to several mechanical parameters, such as maximum Ca-activated tension, activation threshold, and sensitivity to Ca²⁺ and Sr²⁺. In contrast, 28 days after STZ administration, 37.5% of the fast-twitch EDL fibers developed maximum activated tensions (77.1 ± 10.4 kN/m²), which were significantly lower than those developed by controls (244.0 ± 14.3 kN/m²), and the slow-twitch SOL fibers displayed a significantly higher sensitivity to Ca²⁺ (and Sr²⁺) than the controls. All fibers from diabetic rats, including the low-tension EDL fibers and higher Ca sensitivity SOL fibers displayed control-like electrophoretic profiles of the major myofibrillar proteins. Taken together with data from earlier studies on the effects of long-term diabetes on whole skeletal muscle contractility, these results strongly suggest that 1) the decrease in tetanic tension output of EDL muscles induced by diabetes is caused mainly by direct effects of the diabetic condition on the contractile/regulatory system of a subpopulation of fast-twitch fibers, which develop little force, and 2) the diabetes-induced slowing of twitch times of SOL muscles is caused in part by the increased sensitivity to Ca²⁺ of the contractile apparatus in the slow-twitch fibers.