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Original Articles

Insulin Sensitivity and Body Weight Changes in Young White Carriers of the Codon 64 Amino Acid Polymorphism of the β3-Adrenergic Receptor Gene

  1. Søren A Urhammer,
  2. Jesper O Clausen,
  3. Torben Hansen and
  4. Oluf Pedersen
  1. Steno Diabetes Center and Hagedorn Research Institute, and The Glostrup Population Studies, Medical Department C, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen Denmark
  2. The Glostrup Population Studies, Medical Department C, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen Denmark
  1. Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Søren A. Urhammer, Steno Diabetes Center, Niels Steensens Vej 2, DK-2820 Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
Diabetes 1996 Aug; 45(8): 1115-1120. https://doi.org/10.2337/diab.45.8.1115
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Abstract

Recently, a missense mutation replacing tryptophan with arginine at codon 64 of the β3-adrenergic receptor gene was shown to be associated with insulin resistance in nondiabetic subjects and to an earlier onset of NIDDM in Pima Indians. We studied whether the codon 64 amino acid polymorphism of the β3-adrenergic receptor gene in a cohort of young healthy Danes was associated with high birth weight, accelerated weight gain during childhood and adolescence, present obesity, or impaired insulin sensitivity. The protocol included 380 unrelated white subjects in whom insulin sensitivity and secretion were measured during a combined intravenous glucose and tolbutamide tolerance test. A number of biochemical and anthropometric characteristics were determined for each subject. The subjects were genotyped for the codon 64 polymorphism by applying polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment-length polymorphism screening with the use of endonuclease BstNl. The allelic frequency of the mutated allele was 7% (95% CI: 5–10%), and it was similar in obese and nonobese subjects. The β3-adrenergic receptor gene variant was not related to birth weight or weight gain during childhood or adolescence. In its heterozygous form, the gene variant was not associated with an altered insulin sensitivity index (SI) or other features of the insulin resistance syndrome (BMI, blood pressure, fasting serum lipid levels, or fasting serum fibrinolytic variables). Three homozygous carriers of the polymorphism were identified, and each had a significantly higher BMI (27.4 ± 1.3 vs. 23.5 ± 3.7 kg/m2 [mean ± SD]; P = 0.032), lower SI [4.9 ± 2.9 vs. 15.4 ± 9.0 10−5 × (min × pmol/l)−1; P = 0.013], and higher fasting serum C-peptide (730 ± 155 vs. 471 ± 158 pmol/l; P = 0.016) than the wild-type carriers. The homozygous carriers also had significantly higher levels of fasting serum triglyceride (P = 0.042) and serum LDL cholesterol (P = 0.013). When adjustments were made for age, sex, BMI, and VO2max in a multiple regression analysis, a significantly negative association was found between homozygosity for the codon 64 variant and the SI (P = 0.009). We conclude that in young healthy Danes, the homozygous form but not the heterozygous form of the codon 64 amino acid polymorphism of the β3-adrenergic receptor may be associated with obesity and, independent of BMI, with a low SI Since only three homozygous carriers were identified among 380 subjects, the results must be interpreted with caution, and studies of larger population samples are needed.

  • Received November 2, 1995.
  • Revision received February 29, 1996.
  • Accepted February 29, 1996.
  • Copyright © 1996 by the American Diabetes Association
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August 1996, 45(8)
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Insulin Sensitivity and Body Weight Changes in Young White Carriers of the Codon 64 Amino Acid Polymorphism of the β3-Adrenergic Receptor Gene
Søren A Urhammer, Jesper O Clausen, Torben Hansen, Oluf Pedersen
Diabetes Aug 1996, 45 (8) 1115-1120; DOI: 10.2337/diab.45.8.1115

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Insulin Sensitivity and Body Weight Changes in Young White Carriers of the Codon 64 Amino Acid Polymorphism of the β3-Adrenergic Receptor Gene
Søren A Urhammer, Jesper O Clausen, Torben Hansen, Oluf Pedersen
Diabetes Aug 1996, 45 (8) 1115-1120; DOI: 10.2337/diab.45.8.1115
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