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Leptin Increases Hypothalamic Pro-opiomelanocortin mRNA Expression in the Rostral Arcuate Nucleus

  1. Michael W Schwartz,
  2. Randy J Seeley,
  3. Stephen C Woods,
  4. David S Weigle,
  5. L Arthur Campfield,
  6. Paul Burn and
  7. Denis G Baskin
  1. Departments of Medicine, University of Washington, Pugent Sound VA Health Care System, and Harborview Medical Center Seattle, Washington
  2. Psychology, University of Washington, Pugent Sound VA Health Care System, and Harborview Medical Center Seattle, Washington
  3. Biological Structure, University of Washington, Pugent Sound VA Health Care System, and Harborview Medical Center Seattle, Washington
  4. Department of Metabolic Diseases, Hoffmann-LaRoche Nutley, New Jersey
  1. Address correspondence and reprint requests to Michael W. Schwartz, MD, Metabolism (151), Puget Sound VA Health Care System, 1660 S. Columbian Way, Seattle, WA 98108. E-mail: mschwart{at}u.washington.edu.
Diabetes 1997 Dec; 46(12): 2119-2123. https://doi.org/10.2337/diab.46.12.2119
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Abstract

Melanocortins are peptides, cleaved from the pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) precursor, that act in the brain to reduce food intake and are potential mediators of leptin action. In the forebrain, melanocortins are derived from POMC-containing neurons of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus. To test the hypothesis that these POMC neurons are regulated by leptin, we used in situ hybridization to determine whether reduced leptin signaling (as occurs in fasting), genetic leptin deficiency (in obese ob/ob mice), or genetic leptin resistance (in obese db/db mice) lower expression of POMC mRNA. We further hypothesized that leptin administration would raise hypothalamic POMC mRNA levels in leptin-deficient animals, but not in mice with defective leptin receptors. In wild-type mice (n = 12), fasting for 48 h lowered POMC mRNA levels in the rostral arcuate nucleus by 53%, relative to values in fed controls (n = 8; P < 0.001). Similarly, arcuate nucleus POMC mRNA levels were reduced by 46 and 70% in genetically obese ob/ob (n = 6) and db/db mice (n = 6), respectively, as compared with wild-type mice (n = 5) (P < 0.01 for both comparisons). Five daily intraperitoneal injections of recombinant murine leptin (150 μg) raised levels of POMC mRNA in the rostral arcuate nucleus of ob/ob mice (n = 8) by 73% over saline-treated ob/ob control values (n = 8; P < 0.01), but was without effect in db/db mice (n = 6). In normal rats, two injections of a low dose of leptin (3.5 μg) into the third cerebral ventricle (n = 15) during a 40-h period of fasting also increased POMC mRNA levels in the rostral arcuate nucleus to values 39% greater than those in vehicle-treated controls (n = 14; P = 0.02). We conclude that reduced central nervous system leptin signaling owing to fasting or to genetic defects in leptin or its receptor lower POMC mRNA levels in the rostral arcuate nucleus. The finding that leptin reverses this effect in ob/ob, but not db/db, mice suggests that leptin stimulates arcuate nucleus POMC gene expression via a pathway involving leptin receptors. These findings support the hypothesis that leptin signaling in the brain involves activation of the hypothalamic melanocortin system.

  • Received September 17, 1997.
  • Revision received October 8, 1997.
  • Accepted October 8, 1997.
  • Copyright © 1997 by the American Diabetes Association
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December 1997, 46(12)
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Leptin Increases Hypothalamic Pro-opiomelanocortin mRNA Expression in the Rostral Arcuate Nucleus
Michael W Schwartz, Randy J Seeley, Stephen C Woods, David S Weigle, L Arthur Campfield, Paul Burn, Denis G Baskin
Diabetes Dec 1997, 46 (12) 2119-2123; DOI: 10.2337/diab.46.12.2119

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Leptin Increases Hypothalamic Pro-opiomelanocortin mRNA Expression in the Rostral Arcuate Nucleus
Michael W Schwartz, Randy J Seeley, Stephen C Woods, David S Weigle, L Arthur Campfield, Paul Burn, Denis G Baskin
Diabetes Dec 1997, 46 (12) 2119-2123; DOI: 10.2337/diab.46.12.2119
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