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Increased beta-cell proliferation and reduced mass before diabetes onset in the nonobese diabetic mouse.

  1. S Sreenan,
  2. A J Pick,
  3. M Levisetti,
  4. A C Baldwin,
  5. W Pugh and
  6. K S Polonsky
  1. University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, Illinois 60637, USA.
    Diabetes 1999 May; 48(5): 989-996. https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.48.5.989
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    Abstract

    To determine whether loss of beta-cell mass and function in the NOD mouse occurs gradually, beginning after the onset of insulitis, or abruptly, just before the onset of overt diabetes, beta-cell mass and rates of beta-cell proliferation and insulin secretory responses from the perfused pancreas were measured in NOD and control NOD/Scid mice at 8-9, 13, and 18 weeks of age. Of the NOD mice, 11 and 70% had diabetes (fasting blood glucose >8.3 mmol/l) at 13 and 18 weeks of age, respectively. Beta-cell mass in 8-week-old NOD mice was 69% of control mice (P>0.05), but the rate of 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine uptake was greater, suggesting a compensatory proliferative response to ongoing autoimmune beta-cell destruction. Despite an increase in the rate of beta-cell proliferation, beta-cell mass was significantly reduced by 42% in 13-week-old nondiabetic NOD mice and by 73% in 18-week-old diabetic NOD mice. Insulin secretory responses to glucose and arginine demonstrated reductions of similar magnitude. In 18-week-old diabetic NOD mice, insulin secretion was reduced to a greater degree than beta-cell mass, suggesting the presence of beta-cell dysfunction in addition to reduced mass. These results suggest that in the NOD mouse, beta-cell destruction begins soon after the onset of insulitis. Despite a compensatory beta-cell proliferative response, beta-cell mass progressively falls and is significantly reduced by 13 weeks despite normal blood glucose concentrations. Diabetes may be present when residual beta-cell mass represents 30% of control levels.

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    May 1999, 48(5)
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    Increased beta-cell proliferation and reduced mass before diabetes onset in the nonobese diabetic mouse.
    S Sreenan, A J Pick, M Levisetti, A C Baldwin, W Pugh, K S Polonsky
    Diabetes May 1999, 48 (5) 989-996; DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.48.5.989

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    Increased beta-cell proliferation and reduced mass before diabetes onset in the nonobese diabetic mouse.
    S Sreenan, A J Pick, M Levisetti, A C Baldwin, W Pugh, K S Polonsky
    Diabetes May 1999, 48 (5) 989-996; DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.48.5.989
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