Skip to main content
  • More from ADA
    • Diabetes Care
    • Clinical Diabetes
    • Diabetes Spectrum
    • ADA Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes
    • ADA Scientific Sessions Abstracts
    • BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care
  • Subscribe
  • Log in
  • My Cart
  • Follow ada on Twitter
  • RSS
  • Visit ada on Facebook
Diabetes

Advanced Search

Main menu

  • Home
  • Current
    • Current Issue
    • Online Ahead of Print
    • ADA Scientific Sessions Abstracts
  • Browse
    • By Topic
    • Issue Archive
    • Saved Searches
    • ADA Scientific Sessions Abstracts
    • Diabetes COVID-19 Article Collection
    • Diabetes Symposium 2020
  • Info
    • About the Journal
    • About the Editors
    • ADA Journal Policies
    • Instructions for Authors
    • Guidance for Reviewers
  • Reprints/Reuse
  • Advertising
  • Subscriptions
    • Individual Subscriptions
    • Institutional Subscriptions and Site Licenses
    • Access Institutional Usage Reports
    • Purchase Single Issues
  • Alerts
    • E­mail Alerts
    • RSS Feeds
  • Podcasts
    • Diabetes Core Update
    • Special Podcast Series: Therapeutic Inertia
    • Special Podcast Series: Influenza Podcasts
    • Special Podcast Series: SGLT2 Inhibitors
    • Special Podcast Series: COVID-19
  • Submit
    • Submit a Manuscript
    • Submit Cover Art
    • ADA Journal Policies
    • Instructions for Authors
    • ADA Peer Review
  • More from ADA
    • Diabetes Care
    • Clinical Diabetes
    • Diabetes Spectrum
    • ADA Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes
    • ADA Scientific Sessions Abstracts
    • BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care

User menu

  • Subscribe
  • Log in
  • My Cart

Search

  • Advanced search
Diabetes
  • Home
  • Current
    • Current Issue
    • Online Ahead of Print
    • ADA Scientific Sessions Abstracts
  • Browse
    • By Topic
    • Issue Archive
    • Saved Searches
    • ADA Scientific Sessions Abstracts
    • Diabetes COVID-19 Article Collection
    • Diabetes Symposium 2020
  • Info
    • About the Journal
    • About the Editors
    • ADA Journal Policies
    • Instructions for Authors
    • Guidance for Reviewers
  • Reprints/Reuse
  • Advertising
  • Subscriptions
    • Individual Subscriptions
    • Institutional Subscriptions and Site Licenses
    • Access Institutional Usage Reports
    • Purchase Single Issues
  • Alerts
    • E­mail Alerts
    • RSS Feeds
  • Podcasts
    • Diabetes Core Update
    • Special Podcast Series: Therapeutic Inertia
    • Special Podcast Series: Influenza Podcasts
    • Special Podcast Series: SGLT2 Inhibitors
    • Special Podcast Series: COVID-19
  • Submit
    • Submit a Manuscript
    • Submit Cover Art
    • ADA Journal Policies
    • Instructions for Authors
    • ADA Peer Review
Islet Studies

β-Cell Deficit and Increased β-Cell Apoptosis in Humans With Type 2 Diabetes

  1. Alexandra E. Butler1,
  2. Juliette Janson2,
  3. Susan Bonner-Weir3,
  4. Robert Ritzel1,
  5. Robert A. Rizza4 and
  6. Peter C. Butler1
  1. 1Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
  2. 2Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
  3. 3Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts
  4. 4Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
    Diabetes 2003 Jan; 52(1): 102-110. https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.52.1.102
    PreviousNext
    • Article
    • Figures & Tables
    • Info & Metrics
    • PDF
    Loading

    Article Figures & Tables

    Figures

    • Tables
    • FIG. 1.
      • Download figure
      • Open in new tab
      • Download powerpoint
      FIG. 1.

      The mean BMI in obese (nondiabetic [ND], IFG, and diabetic subjects [TTDM]) and lean cases (nondiabetic and type 2 diabetic subjects).

    • FIG. 2.
      • Download figure
      • Open in new tab
      • Download powerpoint
      FIG. 2.

      The mean FPG concentration (A) and the mean relative β-cell volume (B) in obese (nondiabetic [ND], IFG, and diabetic subjects [TTDM]) and lean cases (nondiabetic and type 2 diabetic subjects).

    • FIG. 3.
      • Download figure
      • Open in new tab
      • Download powerpoint
      FIG. 3.

      The mean FPG concentration (A) and the relative β-cell volume (B) in the obese group of nondiabetic (ND) subjects or diabetic patients who were treated with insulin, sulfonylurea pills (Oral), or diet only.

    • FIG. 4.
      • Download figure
      • Open in new tab
      • Download powerpoint
      FIG. 4.

      The mean FPG concentration (A) and the relative β-cell volume (B) in the lean group of nondiabetic (ND) subjects or diabetic patients who were treated with insulin, sulfonylurea pills (Oral), or diet only.

    • FIG. 5.
      • Download figure
      • Open in new tab
      • Download powerpoint
      FIG. 5.

      Section of pancreas (×20 magnification) stained for insulin. Numerous pancreatic ducts are shown, with insulin-positive cells present in the duct walls demonstrating new islet formation from exocrine ducts.

    • FIG. 6.
      • Download figure
      • Open in new tab
      • Download powerpoint
      FIG. 6.

      The relative rate of new islet formation, estimated by fraction of duct cells positive for insulin, in the obese and lean groups. ND, nondiabetic; TTDM, type 2 diabetes.

    • FIG. 7.
      • Download figure
      • Open in new tab
      • Download powerpoint
      FIG. 7.

      The frequency of β-cell replication (A) and β-cell apoptosis (B) normalized to relative β-cell volume in each case. ND, nondiabetic; TTDM, type 2 diabetes.

    • FIG. 8.
      • Download figure
      • Open in new tab
      • Download powerpoint
      FIG. 8.

      Correlations of age versus β-cell replication (A) and insulin-positive duct cells (B). Solid lines are best fit, with broken lines showing 95% CIs.

    • FIG. 9.
      • Download figure
      • Open in new tab
      • Download powerpoint
      FIG. 9.

      The presence (A), frequency (B), and extent (C) of birefringence under polarized light when stained by Congo Red.

    Tables

    • Figures
    • TABLE 1

      Characteristics of patients

      Obese
      Lean
      Type 2 diabetic subjectsIFGNondiabetic subjectsType 2 diabetic subjectsNondiabetic subjects
      n4119311617
      Sex (F/M)17/249/1015/167/97/10
      Age (years)63.3 ± 1.863.1 ± 2.366.9 ± 2.780.2 ± 1.978.1 ± 2.9
      • Data are means ± SE.

    • TABLE 2

      Obese and lean cases of type 2 diabetes, subdivided according to treatment (insulin, oral, or diet) to show sex, age, and BMI

      Obese type 2 diabetic subjects*
      Lean type 2 diabetic subjects
      InsulinOralDietInsulinOralDiet
      n17167367
      Sex (F/M)10/75/111/61/24/22/5
      Age (years)65.9 ± 1.761.9 ± 3.759.7 ± 4.782.0 ± 3.578.2 ± 3.481.1 ± 3.0
      BMI (kg/m2)38.3 ± 1.538.5 ± 2.136.5 ± 2.023.6 ± 0.523.3 ± 0.821.2 ± 0.7
      • Data are means ± SE.

      • *

        * In one obese type 2 diabetic subject, the treatment was unknown.

    • TABLE 3

      The five patient groups (lean nondiabetic, lean type 2 diabetic, obese nondiabetic, obese IFG, and obese type 2 diabetic subjects) demonstrating β-cell and islet characteristics

      Lean
      Obese
      Nondiabetic subjectsType 2 diabetic subjectsNondiabetic subjectsIFGType 2 diabetic subjects
      Relative β-cell volume/islet (% of islet)52.0 ± 4.138.0 ± 3.9*45.4 ± 2.743.7 ± 3.437.0 ± 2.3†
      Islet density (islets/mm2)3.1 ± 0.23.0 ± 0.33.5 ± 0.32.8 ± 0.2‡2.6 ± 0.2†
      Mean islet size (μm2)7,140 ± 7956,807 ± 5267,187 ± 5717,131 ± 6957,846 ± 648
      Apoptosis/islet (cells/islet)0.07 ± 0.030.47 ± 0.19§0.20 ± 0.7—0.31 ± 0.15
      Ki67/islet (cells/islet)0.04 ± 0.020.033 ± 0.010.06 ± 0.02—0.03 ± 0.01
      • Data are means ± SE.

      • *

        * P < 0.01 for lean nondiabetic vs. type 2 diabetic subjects;

      • †

        † P < 0.05 for obese nondiabetic vs. type 2 diabetic subjects;

      • ‡

        ‡ P < 0.05 for obese nondiabetic vs. IFG subjects;

      • §

        § P < 0.05 for lean nondiabetic vs. type 2 diabetic subjects.

    PreviousNext
    Back to top

    In this Issue

    January 2003, 52(1)
    • Table of Contents
    • Index by Author
    Sign up to receive current issue alerts
    View Selected Citations (0)
    Print
    Download PDF
    Article Alerts
    Sign In to Email Alerts with your Email Address
    Email Article

    Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about Diabetes.

    NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.

    Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.
    β-Cell Deficit and Increased β-Cell Apoptosis in Humans With Type 2 Diabetes
    (Your Name) has forwarded a page to you from Diabetes
    (Your Name) thought you would like to see this page from the Diabetes web site.
    CAPTCHA
    This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
    Citation Tools
    β-Cell Deficit and Increased β-Cell Apoptosis in Humans With Type 2 Diabetes
    Alexandra E. Butler, Juliette Janson, Susan Bonner-Weir, Robert Ritzel, Robert A. Rizza, Peter C. Butler
    Diabetes Jan 2003, 52 (1) 102-110; DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.52.1.102

    Citation Manager Formats

    • BibTeX
    • Bookends
    • EasyBib
    • EndNote (tagged)
    • EndNote 8 (xml)
    • Medlars
    • Mendeley
    • Papers
    • RefWorks Tagged
    • Ref Manager
    • RIS
    • Zotero
    Add to Selected Citations
    Share

    β-Cell Deficit and Increased β-Cell Apoptosis in Humans With Type 2 Diabetes
    Alexandra E. Butler, Juliette Janson, Susan Bonner-Weir, Robert Ritzel, Robert A. Rizza, Peter C. Butler
    Diabetes Jan 2003, 52 (1) 102-110; DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.52.1.102
    del.icio.us logo Digg logo Reddit logo Twitter logo CiteULike logo Facebook logo Google logo Mendeley logo
    • Tweet Widget
    • Facebook Like
    • Google Plus One

    Jump to section

    • Article
      • Abstract
      • RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
      • RESULTS
      • DISCUSSION
      • Acknowledgments
      • Footnotes
      • REFERENCES
    • Figures & Tables
    • Info & Metrics
    • PDF

    Related Articles

    Cited By...

    More in this TOC Section

    • Pancreatic β-Cell–Specific Deletion of VPS41 Causes Diabetes Due to Defects in Insulin Secretion
    • Retinol-Binding Protein 4 Activates STRA6, Provoking Pancreatic β-Cell Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes
    • Loss of Furin in β-Cells Induces an mTORC1-ATF4 Anabolic Pathway That Leads to β-Cell Dysfunction
    Show more Islet Studies

    Similar Articles

    Navigate

    • Current Issue
    • Online Ahead of Print
    • Scientific Sessions Abstracts
    • Collections
    • Archives
    • Submit
    • Subscribe
    • Email Alerts
    • RSS Feeds

    More Information

    • About the Journal
    • Instructions for Authors
    • Journal Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Advertising
    • Privacy Policy: ADA Journals
    • Copyright Notice/Public Access Policy
    • Contact Us

    Other ADA Resources

    • Diabetes Care
    • Clinical Diabetes
    • Diabetes Spectrum
    • Scientific Sessions Abstracts
    • Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes
    • BMJ Open - Diabetes Research & Care
    • Professional Books
    • Diabetes Forecast

     

    • DiabetesJournals.org
    • Diabetes Core Update
    • ADA's DiabetesPro
    • ADA Member Directory
    • Diabetes.org

    © 2021 by the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Print ISSN: 0012-1797, Online ISSN: 1939-327X.