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Pathophysiology

Effects of Acute Insulin Excess and Deficiency on Gluconeogenesis and Glycogenolysis in Type 1 Diabetes

  1. Guenther Boden,
  2. Peter Cheung and
  3. Carol Homko
  1. From the Division of Endocrinology/Diabetes/Metabolism and the General Clinical Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
    Diabetes 2003 Jan; 52(1): 133-137. https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.52.1.133
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    • FIG. 1.
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      FIG. 1.

      Effects of subcutaneous insulin injection on serum free insulin and plasma glucose levels and on GIRs (□) and GRd in nine patients with type 1 diabetes. Shown are means ± SE. Statistical analysis: *P < 0.04 vs. 1 h; **P < 0.02 vs. 4 h; ***P < 0.01 vs. 0 h.

    • FIG. 2.
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      FIG. 2.

      Effects of subcutaneous insulin on rates of GNG (A), GL (B), and EGP (C) in nine patients with type 1 diabetes. Statistical analysis: *P < 0.03 vs. 0 h; **P < 0.02 vs. 0 h; ***P < 0.001 vs. 0 h; †P < 0.04 vs. 3 h; ††P < 0.01 vs. 3 h; †††P < 0.001 vs. 3 h.

    • FIG. 3.
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      FIG. 3.

      Effects of subcutaneous insulin on plasma FFA (•) and total ketone body (TKB) levels (○) (A), on rates on fat oxidation (FOX) (B), and on plasma levels of five GNG precursors. Statistical analysis: *P < 0.05 vs. 0 h; **P < 0.03 vs. 0 h; †P < 0.05 vs. 4 h; ††P < 0.01 vs. 4 h.

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    • TABLE 1

      Patients

      Sex (M/F)1/8
      Age (years)24 ± 3
      Weight (kg)68.8 ± 3.1
      Height (cm)169 ± 4
      BMI (kg/m2)24.2 ± 1.2
      Duration of type 1 diabetes (years)7.5 ± 1.5
      HbA1c (%)7.6 ± 0.7
      Insulin dose (units/24 h)33.3 ± 5.1
      • Data are means ± SE.

    • TABLE 2
      Hours2H · C5 (% enrichment)2H2O (% enrichment)2H · C5/2H2OGRa (μmol · kg−1 · min−1)
      00.152 ± 0.0170.383 ± 0.0100.357 ± 0.39617.4 ± 1.16
      10.179 ± 0.0170.373 ± 0.0100.432 ± 0.03411.7 ± 2.1
      20.144 ± 0.0210.368 ± 0.0110.346 ± 0.04720.9 ± 3.9
      30.118 ± 0.0210.367 ± 0.0110.285 ± 0.05019.9 ± 2.1
      40.103 ± 0.0160.367 ± 0.0120.251 ± 0.04016.0 ± 1.9
      50.116 ± 0.0200.369 ± 0.0110.282 ± 0.04815.5 ± 1.8
      60.134 ± 0.0150.368 ± 0.0090.325 ± 0.03216.0 ± 1.7
      70.138 ± 0.0220.351 ± 0.0120.350 ± 0.05514.9 ± 1.4
      80.157 ± 0.0230.355 ± 0.0080.389 ± 0.05313.9 ± 1.4
      • Data are means ± SE.

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    Effects of Acute Insulin Excess and Deficiency on Gluconeogenesis and Glycogenolysis in Type 1 Diabetes
    Guenther Boden, Peter Cheung, Carol Homko
    Diabetes Jan 2003, 52 (1) 133-137; DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.52.1.133

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    Effects of Acute Insulin Excess and Deficiency on Gluconeogenesis and Glycogenolysis in Type 1 Diabetes
    Guenther Boden, Peter Cheung, Carol Homko
    Diabetes Jan 2003, 52 (1) 133-137; DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.52.1.133
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