Effect of a High-Protein, Low-Carbohydrate Diet on Blood Glucose Control in People With Type 2 Diabetes
Article Figures & Tables
Figures
- FIG. 1.
A: Mean body weight while on the control (○) or LoBAG (•) diet. B: Plasma β-hydroxybutyrate concentration after 5 weeks on the control (○) or LoBAG (•) diet.
- FIG. 2.
A: Mean plasma glucose concentration before (▵) and after (○) 5 weeks on the control diet. Side graph: Net and total 24-h integrated glucose area response. Area response was not significantly different. B: Mean plasma glucose concentration before (▴) and after (•) 5 weeks on the LoBAG diet. Side graph: Net and total 24-h integrated glucose area response. *Both the net and the total area responses were significantly lower after the LoBAG diet (P ≤ 0.05).
- FIG. 3.
A: Mean serum insulin concentration before (▵) and after (○) 5 weeks on the control diet. Side graph: Net and total 24-h integrated insulin area response. Area response was not significantly different. B: Mean serum insulin concentration before (▴) and after (•) 5 weeks on the LoBAG diet. Side graph: Net and total 24-h integrated insulin area response. *Both the net and the total area responses were significantly lower after the LoBAG diet (P ≤ 0.05).
- FIG. 4.
Mean %tGHb response during the 5 weeks of the control (○) or LoBAG diet (•). *The tGHb on the test diet was significantly lower at weeks 3, 4, and 5 vs. the control diet (P ≤ 0.05).
- FIG. 5.
A: Mean plasma glucagon concentration before (▵) and after (○) 5 weeks on the control diet. Side graph: Net and total 24-h integrated glucagon area response. Area response was not significantly different. B: Mean plasma glucagon concentration before (▴) and after (•) 5 weeks on the LoBAG diet. Side graph: Net and total 24-h integrated glucagon area response. *The net and total area responses were significantly higher after the LoBAG diet (P ≤ 0.05).
- FIG. 6.
A: Mean serum triacylglycerol concentration before (▵) and after (○) 5 weeks on the control diet. Side graph: Net and total 24-h integrated triacylglycerol area response. Area response was not significantly different. B: Mean serum triacylglycerol concentration before (▴) and after (•) 5 weeks on the LoBAG diet. Side graph: Net and total 24-h integrated triacylglycerol area response. *The total area response was significantly lower after the LoBAG diet (P ≤ 0.05).
Tables
- TABLE 1
Patient characteristics
Patient Age (years) Height [in (cm)] Weight [lb (kg)] BMI (kg/m2) tGHb (%) Duration of diabetes (months) Concomitant diseases Medications 1 69 74 (188) 221 (100) 27 8.7 60 Hypertension, dyslipidemia, coronary heart disease Simvastatin, lisinopril, rabeprazole, ASA 2 72 69 (165) 239 (109) 35 10.0 12 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Terazosin 3 51 68 (173) 181 (82) 27 8.6 12 None ASA, naproxen 4 66 72 (183) 196 (89) 27 9.0 180 Hypertension None 5 82 71 (180) 204 (93) 28 11.2 48 None Lisinopril, ASA 6 56 72 (183) 267 (121) 35 10.1 24 Obesity, dyslipidemia None 7 51 66 (168) 195 (89) 31 10.0 14 None ASA, naproxen 8 59 67 (170) 233 (106) 36 9.4 19 Hypertension, obesity Lisinopril Mean 63.3 70 (176) 217 (99) 31 9.6 46 Range 51–82 66–74 (168–188) 181–267 (82–121) 27–36 8.6–11.2 12–180 ASA, acetylsalicylic acid.
- TABLE 2
Composition of diets
Control LoBAG Energy (kcal) 2,825 2,825 Protein (g) 106 (15%) 210 (30%) Carbohydrate (g) 388 (55%) 142 (20%) Monosaccharides (g) 64 31 Disaccharides 50 16 Fat (g) 94 (30%) 158 (50%) Monounsaturated (g) 29 62 Polyunsaturated (g) 24 35 Saturated (g) 33 30 Cholesterol (mg) 375 441 Dietary fiber (g) 24 36
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