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Pathophysiology

Increased Monocytic Activity and Biomarkers of Inflammation in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes

  1. Sridevi Devaraj1,
  2. Nicole Glaser2,
  3. Steve Griffen2,
  4. Janice Wang-Polagruto1,
  5. Eric Miguelino1 and
  6. Ishwarlal Jialal12
  1. 1Department of Pathology, Laboratory for Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Research, General Clinical Research Center, University of California at Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California
  2. 2Department of Internal Medicine, Laboratory for Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Research, University of California at Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California
  1. Address correspondence and reprint requests to Ishwarlal Jialal, MD, PhD, Director, Laboratory for Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Research, Departments of Pathology and Internal Medicine, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817. E-mail: ijialal{at}ucdavis.edu
Diabetes 2006 Mar; 55(3): 774-779. https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.55.03.06.db05-1417
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Abstract

Type 1 diabetes is associated with increased vascular complications, and monocytes are pivotal cells in atherogenesis. However, there are few data on monocyte function and inflammation in type 1 diabetes. The aim of this study was to compare monocyte function and biomarkers of inflammation in type 1 diabetic subjects without macrovascular disease with that in matched control subjects (n = 52 per group). Fasting blood was obtained for biomarkers of inflammation (C-reactive protein [CRP], plasma-soluble cell adhesion molecules [CAMs], monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, nitrotyrosine, CD40 ligand [CD40L], and monocyte function). High-sensitive CRP, soluble intracellular adhesion molecule (sICAM), sCD40L, and nitrotyrosine levels were significantly elevated in type 1 diabetic subjects compared with in control subjects (P < 0.05). Monocyte superoxide anion release was significantly increased in the resting (37%; P < 0.05) and activated state (26%; P < 0.005) in type 1 diabetic compared with in control subjects. Monocyte interleukin (IL)-6 levels were significantly elevated in type 1 diabetic subjects compared with in control subjects in the resting state (51%; P < 0.05) and after lipopolysaccharide activation (31%; P < 0.01). Monocyte IL-1β levels were increased in the activated monocytes in type 1 diabetic compared with in control subjects. There were no significant differences in monocyte tumor necrosis factor levels or adhesion between the two groups. Thus type 1 diabetes is a proinflammatory state, as evidenced by increased levels of monocyte IL-6, superoxide anion, and plasma CRP, sICAM, sCD40L, and nitrotyrosine levels. These results have a major implication on our understanding of the role of inflammation in vasculopathies in type 1 diabetes.

  • CAM, cell adhesion molecule
  • CRP, C-reactive protein
  • ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
  • HAEC, human aortic endothelial cell
  • hsCRP, high-sensitivity CRP
  • IL, interleukin
  • LPS, lipopolysaccharide
  • MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1
  • sCD40L, soluble CD40 ligand
  • sICAM, soluble intracellular adhesion molecule
  • sVCAM, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule
  • TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α

Footnotes

    • Accepted November 30, 2005.
    • Received October 31, 2005.
  • DIABETES
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Increased Monocytic Activity and Biomarkers of Inflammation in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Sridevi Devaraj, Nicole Glaser, Steve Griffen, Janice Wang-Polagruto, Eric Miguelino, Ishwarlal Jialal
Diabetes Mar 2006, 55 (3) 774-779; DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.55.03.06.db05-1417

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Increased Monocytic Activity and Biomarkers of Inflammation in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Sridevi Devaraj, Nicole Glaser, Steve Griffen, Janice Wang-Polagruto, Eric Miguelino, Ishwarlal Jialal
Diabetes Mar 2006, 55 (3) 774-779; DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.55.03.06.db05-1417
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