Increased Infiltration of Macrophages in Omental Adipose Tissue Is Associated With Marked Hepatic Lesions in Morbid Human Obesity
Article Figures & Tables
Figures
- FIG. 1.
Immunohistochemical detection of HAM 56+ macrophages in omental WAT (A and C) and subcutaneous WAT (B and D) of one representative obese woman. A: Macrophages are both dispersed into the omental WAT parenchyma and in crown arrangement (A, arrow heads). B: Only crown-like structures are visible in subcutaneous WAT parenchyma. Higher magnification (60×) of crown structures in omental WAT (C) and subcutaneous WAT (D). oWAT, omental WAT; scWAT, subcutaneous WAT.
- FIG. 2.
Percentage of macrophage infiltration (A) and adipocyte diameter (B) in omental WAT (▪) and subcutaneous WAT (□). Data are the means ± SE. *P < 0.01; **P < 0.001. C: Correlations between the percentage of macrophage infiltration and adipocyte diameter in omental WAT (▪) and subcutaneous WAT (□). Lines are linear regressions in omental WAT (solid line) and in subcutaneous WAT (dotted line). oWAT, omental WAT; scWAT, subcutaneous WAT.
- FIG. 3.
Correlations between the percentage of macrophages and triglycerides (A) or HDL cholesterol (B) in omental WAT (▪) and subcutaneous WAT (□). Lines are linear regressions in omental WAT (solid line) and in subcutaneous WAT (dotted line).
- FIG. 4.
Percentage of macrophages in omental WAT (A) and in subcutaneous WAT (B) in 39 subjects scored for hepatic fibroinflammatory lesions. Horizontal lines are the mean value in each group. *P < 0.05 using Student’s test for each pair, compared with mild and absent group. oWAT, omental WAT; scWAT, subcutaneous WAT.
Tables
- TABLE 1
Clinical and biological parameters of 55 morbidly obese subjects
Phenotype Whole population Liver subset n 55 39 F/M 46/9 (83) 31/8 (80) Age (years) 39.5 ± 1.44 38.3 ± 1.63 BMI (kg/m2) 47.9 ± 0.93 47.8 ± 1.15 Glucose homeostasis Glucose (mmol/l) 6.15 ± 0.29 6.24 ± 0.33 Insulin (μU/ml) 15.0 ± 1.27 15.6 ± 1.44 QUICKI 0.32 0.32 Type 2 diabetes Glycemia >7 mmol/l or treatment 12/55 (22) 9/39 (23) Lipids homeostasis Cholesterol (mmol/l) 5.32 ± 0.12 5.37 ± 0.14 HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) 1.34 ± 0.06 1.33 ± 0.05 Triglycerides (mmol/l) 1.49 ± 0.11 1.47 ± 0.14 Adipokines Leptin (ng/ml) 62.4 ± 3.80 61.2 ± 4.13 Adiponectin (μg/ml) 7.01 ± 0.42 6.81 ± 0.51 Risk factors HDL <1.03 mmol/l (M), <1.29 mmol/l (F) 25 (45) 18 (46) Hypertension ≥130/85 mmHg 24 (44) 16 (41) Glucose ≥5.6 mmol/l 25 (45) 21 (54) Triglycerides ≥1.7 mmol/l 17 (31) 11 (28) Inflammatory factors TNF-α (pg/ml) 1.79 ± 0.07 1.87 ± 0.09 Interleukin 6 (pg/ml) 2.63 ± 0.18 2.74 ± 0.23 High-sensitivity CRP (mg/dl) 0.89 ± 0.09 0.91 ± 0.12 Orosomucoid (g/l) 0.99 ± 0.03 0.99 ± 0.03 Serum amyloid A (μg/ml) 31.5 ± 7.6 35.1 ± 10.1 Hepatic factors AST (IU/l) 22.8 ± 1.57 23.7 ± 1.98 Alanine aminotransferase (IU/l) 32.8 ± 3.76 33.5 ± 4.40 γGT (mg/dl) 36.8 ± 2.95 37.1 ± 3.31 -
Data are the means ± SE or n (%). Histology of hepatic biopsies was suitable for 39 individuals of the cohort, designated as the “liver subset.” No significant differences were observed between the two groups.
-
- TABLE 2
Clinical and biological parameters of 39 obese patients classified by the severity of liver fibroinflammatory scores
Hepatic fibroinflammatory score P Absent (0) Mild (1–2) Marked (>2) n 7 17 15 — F/M 6/1 (86) 16/1 (94) 9/6 (60) — Age (years) 41.4 ± 4.6 37.4 ± 2.5 39.0 ± 2.5 0.67 BMI (kg/m2) 44.5 ± 3.5 47.6 ± 1.5 49.8 ± 1.9 0.28 Glucose (mmol/l) 5.57 ± 0.39 5.79 ± 0.37 7.17 ± 0.71* 0.11 Insulin (μU/ml) 8.9 ± 1.75 14.5 ± 1.76 19.3 ± 2.82† 0.036 QUICKI 0.35 0.32‡ 0.30* 0.009 Type 2 diabetes 0 3 (18) 6 (40) 0.09 Cholesterol (mmol/l) 5.63 ± 0.24 5.23 ± 0.18 5.47 ± 0.29 0.56 HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) 1.53 ± 0.15 1.35 ± 0.09 1.24 ± 0.06 0.26 Triglycerides (mmol/l) 1.17 ± 0.10 1.26 ± 0.17 1.89 ± 0.29* 0.11 Triglyceride–to–HDL cholesterol ratio 0.84 ± 0.40 1.04 ± 0.25 1.74 ± 0.27 0.10 Leptin (ng/ml) 49.8 ± 5.52 69.4 ± 6.00 56.7 ± 7.9 0.14 Adiponectin (μg/ml) 7.19 ± 1.35 7.82 ± 0.90 5.59 ± 0.59* 0.11 TNF-α (pg/ml) 1.87 ± 0.16 1.85 ± 0.18 1.90 ± 0.11 0.84 Interleukin 6 (pg/ml) 2.34 ± 0.61 2.54 ± 0.28 3.12 ± 0.41 0.33 High-sensitivity CRP (mg/dl) 1.09 ± 0.41 0.79 ± 0.13 0.97 ± 0.22 0.82 Orosomucoid (g/l) 1.00 ± 0.07 1.04 ± 0.05 0.93 ± 0.04 0.37 Serum amyloid A (μg/ml) 21.8 ± 8.6 36.8 ± 15.5 39.4 ± 19.7 0.83 HDL <1.03 mmol/l (M), <1.29 mmol/l (F) 2 (29) 8 (44) 8 (53) 0.55 Hypertension ≥130/85 mmHg 2 (29) 6 (35) 8 (53) 0.44 Glucose ≥5.6 mmol/l 3 (43) 8 (44) 10 (66) 0.43 Triglycerides ≥1.7 mmol/l 0 3 (18)‡ 8 (53)* 0.015 Macrophages in omental WAT (%) 22.2 ± 7.2 24.9 ± 3.8‡ 40.7 ± 4.5* 0.016 Adipocyte diameter omental WAT (μm) 72.8 ± 7.6 72.3 ± 4.2 75.2 ± 3.1 0.75 Macrophages in subcutaneous WAT (%) 15.5 ± 1.53 14.9 ± 2.47 12.2 ± 3.13 0.12 Adipocyte diameter in subcutaneous WAT (μm) 95.8 ± 5.05 84.0 ± 3.6 85.2 ± 2.8 0.11 AST (IU/l) 19.7 ± 3.3 19.6 ± 1.2 30.4 ± 4.3* 0.012 Alanine aminotransferase (IU/l) 27.7 ± 10.9 25.9 ± 2.8 45.3 ± 9.3† 0.043 γGT (mg/dl) 32.3 ± 10.9 32.6 ± 3.9 45.4 ± 5.3† 0.045 -
Data are the means ± SE, R2, or n (%). P values were obtained by ANOVA test for continuous values or by χ2 test for noncontinuous values. A different label (*, †, ‡) indicates significant differences using Student’s t test for each pair (P < 0.05 for
- *
* mild vs. marked,
- †
† absent vs. marked, and
- ‡
‡ absent vs. mild, respectively).
-
In this Issue
