Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid May Improve Liver and Muscle but Not Adipose Tissue Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Men and Women
Article Figures & Tables
Figures
- FIG. 1.
Liver, muscle, and adipose tissue insulin sensitivity before (□) and after (
) 4 weeks of placebo or TUDCA treatment. A: Hepatic insulin sensitivity index. B: Glucose rate of disappearance (Rd); data represent only 8 of 10 subjects who received TUDCA treatment because of technical difficulties in obtaining blood samples in two subjects. C: Palmitate rate of appearance. Values are means ± SD. *Value significantly different from corresponding value before treatment, P < 0.05. †Main effect of insulin, P < 0.0001. - FIG. 2.
Effect of placebo (□) or TUDCA (
) treatment on skeletal muscle IRSTyr, AktSer473, and JNKThr183/Tyr185 levels. Values are means ± SD and expressed relative to values before treatment, which were set to one for each person. *Value significantly different from corresponding placebo value, P < 0.05. - FIG. 3.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress markers before (□) and after (
) placebo or TUDCA therapy. A: Gene expression (relative to 18S rRNA). B: Protein content (relative to actin). Values are medians and quartiles.
Tables
- TABLE 1
Subjects' characteristics, metabolic variables, and body composition
Placebo TUDCA Before After Before After n (male/female) 10 (4/6) — 10 (4/6) — Age (years) 49 ± 14 — 47 ± 9 — BMI (kg/m2) 37 ± 5 38 ± 5 35 ± 3 35 ± 3 Total body mass (kg) 109 ± 18 110 ± 17 100 ± 12 100 ± 12 Fat mass (%) 39 ± 7 39 ± 7 39 ± 8 39 ± 8 Subcutaneous abdominal fat volume (cm3) 5,087 ± 1,749 4,999 ± 1,672 4,803 ± 1,202 4,716 ± 1,188 Intra-abdominal fat volume (cm3) 2,146 ± 789 2,172 ± 716 2,724 ± 846 2,818 ± 924 IHTG content (%) 14.0 ± 10.7 13.7 ± 9.6 8.2 ± 5.5 9.3 ± 7.2 HOMA-IR 4.2 ± 1.8 4.3 ± 1.7 4.4 ± 2.7 3.8 ± 3.4 Plasma concentrations Glucose (mg/dl) 97 ± 9 97 ± 10 96 ± 9 94 ± 5 Insulin (μU/ml) 18 ± 7 18 ± 7 19 ± 12 16 ± 15 FFAs (mmol/l) 0.59 ± 0.13 0.63 ± 0.15 0.62 ± 0.15 0.62 ± 0.19 Triglycerides (mg/dl) 154 ± 52 145 ± 77 136 ± 67 141 ± 66 AST (IU/l) 25.9 ± 10.3 27.9 ± 14.5 22.4 ± 5.9 22.5 ± 6.1 ALT (IU/l) 30.3 ± 24.7 35.6 ± 34.9 26.9 ± 9.6 24.6 ± 8.1 CRP (mg/l) 5.67 ± 5.69 5.00 ± 3.87 5.40 ± 4.11 4.43 ± 2.94 IL-6 (pg/ml) 2.60 ± 0.95 2.44 ± 0.86 2.32 ± 0.65 2.60 ± 1.17 Total adiponectin (mg/l) 6.7 ± 3.8 6.9 ± 4.6 8.3 ± 3.1 8.3 ± 3.1 HMW adiponectin (mg/l) 2.2 ± 2.6 2.2 ± 2.9 3.1 ± 1.9 3.4 ± 2.4 Data are means ± SD. ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; CRP, C-reactive protein; HMW, high molecular weight; IL, interleukin.
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