Virus Antibody Survey in Different European Populations Indicates Risk Association Between Coxsackievirus B1 and Type 1 Diabetes

Sami Oikarinen; Sisko Tauriainen; Didier Hober; Bernadette Lucas; Andriani Vazeou; Amirbabak Sioofy-Khojine; Evangelos Bozas; Peter Muir; Hanna Honkanen; Jorma Ilonen; Mikael Knip; Päivi Keskinen; Marja-Terttu Saha; Heini Huhtala; Glyn Stanway; Christos Bartsocas; Johnny Ludvigsson; Keith Taylor; Heikki Hyöty; the VirDiab Study Group

doi:10.2337/db13-0620

Pathophysiology

Virus Antibody Survey in Different European Populations Indicates Risk Association Between Coxsackievirus B1 and Type 1 Diabetes

Sami Oikarinen¹ ⇑,
Sisko Tauriainen¹,²,
Didier Hober³,
Bernadette Lucas³,
Andriani Vazeou⁴,
Amirbabak Sioofy-Khojine¹,
Evangelos Bozas⁴,
Peter Muir⁵,
Hanna Honkanen¹,
Jorma Ilonen⁶,⁷,
Mikael Knip⁸,⁹,¹⁰,¹¹,
Päivi Keskinen¹⁰,
Marja-Terttu Saha¹⁰,
Heini Huhtala¹²,
Glyn Stanway¹³,
Christos Bartsocas⁴,
Johnny Ludvigsson¹⁴,
Keith Taylor¹⁵,^†,
Heikki Hyöty¹,¹⁶,
the VirDiab Study Group*

¹Department of Virology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
²Department of Virology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
³Laboratory of Virology EA3610, University Lille 2 and CHR, Lille, France
⁴Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Nursing, National University of Athens, Athens, Greece
⁵King's College London, London, U.K.
⁶Immunogenetics Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
⁷Department of Clinical Microbiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
⁸Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
⁹Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
¹⁰Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
¹¹Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
¹²School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
¹³Department of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, U.K.
¹⁴Division of Pediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
¹⁵Queen Mary and Westfield College, London, U.K.
¹⁶Fimlab Laboratories, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland

Corresponding author: Sami Oikarinen, sami.oikarinen{at}uta.fi.

† Deceased.

Diabetes 2014 Feb; 63(2): 655-662. https://doi.org/10.2337/db13-0620

Abstract

Enteroviruses (EVs) have been connected to type 1 diabetes in various studies. The current study evaluates the association between specific EV subtypes and type 1 diabetes by measuring type-specific antibodies against the group B coxsackieviruses (CVBs), which have been linked to diabetes in previous surveys. Altogether, 249 children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes and 249 control children matched according to sampling time, sex, age, and country were recruited in Finland, Sweden, England, France, and Greece between 2001 and 2005 (mean age 9 years; 55% male). Antibodies against CVB1 were more frequent among diabetic children than among control children (odds ratio 1.7 [95% CI 1.0–2.9]), whereas other CVB types did not differ between the groups. CVB1-associated risk was not related to HLA genotype, age, or sex. Finnish children had a lower frequency of CVB antibodies than children in other countries. The results support previous studies that suggested an association between CVBs and type 1 diabetes, highlighting the possible role of CVB1 as a diabetogenic virus type.

Received April 18, 2013.
Accepted August 1, 2013.

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