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Pathophysiology

Exercise Training Induces Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Glucose Uptake in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Through eNOS-Dependent Mechanisms

  1. Elisabetta Trevellin1,
  2. Michele Scorzeto2,
  3. Massimiliano Olivieri1,
  4. Marnie Granzotto1,
  5. Alessandra Valerio3,
  6. Laura Tedesco4,
  7. Roberto Fabris1,
  8. Roberto Serra1,
  9. Marco Quarta2,
  10. Carlo Reggiani2,
  11. Enzo Nisoli4 and
  12. Roberto Vettor1⇑
  1. 1Internal Medicine 3, Endocrine-Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
  2. 2Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
  3. 3Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
  4. 4Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
  1. Corresponding author: Roberto Vettor, roberto.vettor{at}unipd.it.
  1. E.N. and R.V. contributed equally to this work.

Diabetes 2014 Aug; 63(8): 2800-2811. https://doi.org/10.2337/db13-1234
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Abstract

Insulin resistance and obesity are associated with a reduction of mitochondrial content in various tissues of mammals. Moreover, a reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability impairs several cellular functions, including mitochondrial biogenesis and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, two important mechanisms of body adaptation in response to physical exercise. Although these mechanisms have been thoroughly investigated in skeletal muscle and heart, few studies have focused on the effects of exercise on mitochondria and glucose metabolism in adipose tissue. In this study, we compared the in vivo effects of chronic exercise in subcutaneous adipose tissue of wild-type (WT) and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) knockout (eNOS−/−) mice after a swim training period. We then investigated the in vitro effects of NO on mouse 3T3-L1 and human subcutaneous adipose tissue–derived adipocytes after a chronic treatment with an NO donor: diethylenetriamine-NO (DETA-NO). We observed that swim training increases mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial DNA content, and glucose uptake in subcutaneous adipose tissue of WT but not eNOS−/− mice. Furthermore, we observed that DETA-NO promotes mitochondrial biogenesis and elongation, glucose uptake, and GLUT4 translocation in cultured murine and human adipocytes. These results point to the crucial role of the eNOS-derived NO in the metabolic adaptation of subcutaneous adipose tissue to exercise training.

  • Received August 12, 2013.
  • Accepted March 9, 2014.
  • © 2014 by the American Diabetes Association. Readers may use this article as long as the work is properly cited, the use is educational and not for profit, and the work is not altered.
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August 2014, 63(8)
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Exercise Training Induces Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Glucose Uptake in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Through eNOS-Dependent Mechanisms
Elisabetta Trevellin, Michele Scorzeto, Massimiliano Olivieri, Marnie Granzotto, Alessandra Valerio, Laura Tedesco, Roberto Fabris, Roberto Serra, Marco Quarta, Carlo Reggiani, Enzo Nisoli, Roberto Vettor
Diabetes Aug 2014, 63 (8) 2800-2811; DOI: 10.2337/db13-1234

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Exercise Training Induces Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Glucose Uptake in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Through eNOS-Dependent Mechanisms
Elisabetta Trevellin, Michele Scorzeto, Massimiliano Olivieri, Marnie Granzotto, Alessandra Valerio, Laura Tedesco, Roberto Fabris, Roberto Serra, Marco Quarta, Carlo Reggiani, Enzo Nisoli, Roberto Vettor
Diabetes Aug 2014, 63 (8) 2800-2811; DOI: 10.2337/db13-1234
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