Subtypes of Type 2 Diabetes Determined From Clinical Parameters

Schematic representations of diabetes classification and models of heterogeneity. A: The traditional classification of diabetes where T1D and T2D are viewed as distinct subgroups but with an overlap including intermediate diabetes types such as LADA. Monogenic and secondary diabetes are rare, etiologically distinct subtypes that are not included in the novel subclassification. B: The palette model where the many molecular pathways involved in diabetes pathogenesis are represented as colors and each individual with T2D is represented by the mixed colors of all the pathways affected in that individual. C: The ANDIS model, where colors instead represent clinical parameters, reflecting the underlying mechanisms, that are easy to measure in the clinic. With this approach, individuals are grouped based on their main color into subtypes with different clinical characteristics.