Research ArticleComplications
Multiethnic Genome-Wide Association Study of Diabetic Retinopathy Using Liability Threshold Modeling of Duration of Diabetes and Glycemic Control
Samuela Pollack, Robert P. Igo, Richard A. Jensen, Mark Christiansen, Xiaohui Li, Ching-Yu Cheng, Maggie C.Y. Ng, Albert V. Smith, Elizabeth J. Rossin, Ayellet V. Segrè, Samaneh Davoudi, Gavin S. Tan, Yii-Der Ida Chen, Jane Z. Kuo, Latchezar M. Dimitrov, Lynn K. Stanwyck, Weihua Meng, S. Mohsen Hosseini, Minako Imamura, Darryl Nousome, Jihye Kim, Yang Hai, Yucheng Jia, Jeeyun Ahn, Aaron Leong, Kaanan Shah, Kyu Hyung Park, Xiuqing Guo, Eli Ipp, Kent D. Taylor, Sharon G. Adler, John R. Sedor, Barry I. Freedman, Family Investigation of Nephropathy and Diabetes-Eye Research Group, DCCT/EDIC Research Group, I-Te Lee, Wayne H.-H. Sheu, Michiaki Kubo, Atsushi Takahashi, Samy Hadjadj, Michel Marre, David-Alexandre Tregouet, Roberta Mckean-Cowdin, Rohit Varma, Mark I. McCarthy, Leif Groop, Emma Ahlqvist, Valeriya Lyssenko, Elisabet Agardh, Andrew Morris, Alex S.F. Doney, Helen M. Colhoun, Iiro Toppila, Niina Sandholm, Per-Henrik Groop, Shiro Maeda, Craig L. Hanis, Alan Penman, Ching J. Chen, Heather Hancock, Paul Mitchell, Jamie E. Craig, Emily Y. Chew, Andrew D. Paterson, Michael A. Grassi, Colin Palmer, Donald W. Bowden, Brian L. Yaspan, David Siscovick, Mary Frances Cotch, Jie Jin Wang, Kathryn P. Burdon, Tien Y. Wong, Barbara E.K. Klein, Ronald Klein, Jerome I. Rotter, Sudha K. Iyengar, Alkes L. Price, Lucia Sobrin
DOI: 10.2337/db18-0567 Published 1 February 2019
Samuela Pollack
1Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
Robert P. Igo
2Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western University, Cleveland, OH
Richard A. Jensen
3Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
Mark Christiansen
3Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
Xiaohui Li
4Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LA BioMed and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
Ching-Yu Cheng
5Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore6Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
Maggie C.Y. Ng
7Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC8Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
Albert V. Smith
9Department of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
Elizabeth J. Rossin
10Massachusetts Eye and Ear Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
Ayellet V. Segrè
10Massachusetts Eye and Ear Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
Samaneh Davoudi
10Massachusetts Eye and Ear Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
Gavin S. Tan
5Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore6Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
Yii-Der Ida Chen
4Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LA BioMed and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
Jane Z. Kuo
4Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LA BioMed and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA11Medical Affairs, Ophthalmology, Sun Pharmaceutical Industries, Inc., Princeton, NJ
Latchezar M. Dimitrov
7Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC8Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
Lynn K. Stanwyck
10Massachusetts Eye and Ear Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
Weihua Meng
12Division of Population Health Sciences, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee School of Medicine, Scotland, U.K.
S. Mohsen Hosseini
13Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Minako Imamura
14Laboratory for Endocrinology, Metabolism and Kidney Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan15Department of Advanced Genomic and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan16Division of Clinical Laboratory and Blood Transfusion, University of the Ryukyus Hospital, Nishihara, Japan
Darryl Nousome
17Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
Jihye Kim
18Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
Yang Hai
4Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LA BioMed and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
Yucheng Jia
4Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LA BioMed and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
Jeeyun Ahn
19Department of Ophthalmology, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
Aaron Leong
20Endocrine Unit and Diabetes Unit, Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
Kaanan Shah
21Section of Genetic Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
Kyu Hyung Park
22Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
Xiuqing Guo
4Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LA BioMed and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
Eli Ipp
23Section of Diabetes and Metabolism, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
Kent D. Taylor
4Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LA BioMed and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
Sharon G. Adler
24Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California, Torrance, CA
John R. Sedor
25Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH26Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH27Division of Nephrology, MetroHealth System, Cleveland, OH
Barry I. Freedman
28Section on Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
I-Te Lee
29Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan30School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan31School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
Wayne H.-H. Sheu
29Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan30School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan31School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan32School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
Michiaki Kubo
33RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
Atsushi Takahashi
34Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan35Department of Genomic Medicine, Research Institute, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
Samy Hadjadj
36CHU de Poitiers, Centre d’Investigation Clinique, Poitiers, France37Université de Poitiers, UFR Médecine Pharmacie, Centre d’Investigation Clinique 1402, Poitiers, France38INSERM, Centre d’Investigation Clinique 1402, Poitiers, France39L’Institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
Michel Marre
40Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France41Department of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, DHU FIRE, Paris, France42INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
David-Alexandre Tregouet
43Team Genomics & Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, UPMC, Sorbonne Universités, INSERM, UMR_S 1166, Paris, France44Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
Roberta Mckean-Cowdin
17Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA45Department of Ophthalmology, USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
Rohit Varma
17Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA45Department of Ophthalmology, USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
Mark I. McCarthy
46Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, U.K.47Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.48NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, U.K.
Leif Groop
49Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
Emma Ahlqvist
49Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
Valeriya Lyssenko
49Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden50Department of Clinical Science, KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Elisabet Agardh
49Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
Andrew Morris
51Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K.
Alex S.F. Doney
52Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, U.K.
Helen M. Colhoun
53Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K.
Iiro Toppila
54Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland55Abdominal Center, Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland56Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Niina Sandholm
54Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland55Abdominal Center, Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland56Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Per-Henrik Groop
54Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland55Abdominal Center, Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland56Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland57Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Shiro Maeda
14Laboratory for Endocrinology, Metabolism and Kidney Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan15Department of Advanced Genomic and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan16Division of Clinical Laboratory and Blood Transfusion, University of the Ryukyus Hospital, Nishihara, Japan
Craig L. Hanis
18Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
Alan Penman
58Department of Preventive Medicine, John D. Bower School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
Ching J. Chen
59Department of Ophthalmology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
Heather Hancock
59Department of Ophthalmology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
Paul Mitchell
60Centre for Vision Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Jamie E. Craig
61Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
Emily Y. Chew
62Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
Andrew D. Paterson
63Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada64Program in Genetics & Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada65Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Michael A. Grassi
66Grassi Retina, Naperville, IL67Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
Colin Palmer
68Pat MacPherson Centre for Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, U.K.
Donald W. Bowden
7Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC8Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
Brian L. Yaspan
69Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA
David Siscovick
70Institute for Urban Health, New York Academy of Medicine, New York, NY
Mary Frances Cotch
62Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
Jie Jin Wang
5Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore60Centre for Vision Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Kathryn P. Burdon
71Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
Tien Y. Wong
5Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore72Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
Barbara E.K. Klein
73Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
Ronald Klein
73Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
Jerome I. Rotter
4Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LA BioMed and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
Sudha K. Iyengar
2Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western University, Cleveland, OH
Alkes L. Price
1Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
Lucia Sobrin
10Massachusetts Eye and Ear Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA