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Research ArticleComplications

Multiethnic Genome-Wide Association Study of Diabetic Retinopathy Using Liability Threshold Modeling of Duration of Diabetes and Glycemic Control

Samuela Pollack, Robert P. Igo, Richard A. Jensen, Mark Christiansen, Xiaohui Li, Ching-Yu Cheng, Maggie C.Y. Ng, Albert V. Smith, Elizabeth J. Rossin, Ayellet V. Segrè, Samaneh Davoudi, Gavin S. Tan, Yii-Der Ida Chen, Jane Z. Kuo, Latchezar M. Dimitrov, Lynn K. Stanwyck, Weihua Meng, S. Mohsen Hosseini, Minako Imamura, Darryl Nousome, Jihye Kim, Yang Hai, Yucheng Jia, Jeeyun Ahn, Aaron Leong, Kaanan Shah, Kyu Hyung Park, Xiuqing Guo, Eli Ipp, Kent D. Taylor, Sharon G. Adler, John R. Sedor, Barry I. Freedman, Family Investigation of Nephropathy and Diabetes-Eye Research Group, DCCT/EDIC Research Group, I-Te Lee, Wayne H.-H. Sheu, Michiaki Kubo, Atsushi Takahashi, Samy Hadjadj, Michel Marre, David-Alexandre Tregouet, Roberta Mckean-Cowdin, Rohit Varma, Mark I. McCarthy, Leif Groop, Emma Ahlqvist, Valeriya Lyssenko, Elisabet Agardh, Andrew Morris, Alex S.F. Doney, Helen M. Colhoun, Iiro Toppila, Niina Sandholm, Per-Henrik Groop, Shiro Maeda, Craig L. Hanis, Alan Penman, Ching J. Chen, Heather Hancock, Paul Mitchell, Jamie E. Craig, Emily Y. Chew, Andrew D. Paterson, Michael A. Grassi, Colin Palmer, Donald W. Bowden, Brian L. Yaspan, David Siscovick, Mary Frances Cotch, Jie Jin Wang, Kathryn P. Burdon, Tien Y. Wong, Barbara E.K. Klein, Ronald Klein, Jerome I. Rotter, Sudha K. Iyengar, Alkes L. Price, Lucia Sobrin
DOI: 10.2337/db18-0567 Published 1 February 2019
Samuela Pollack
1Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
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Robert P. Igo Jr.
2Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western University, Cleveland, OH
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Richard A. Jensen
3Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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Mark Christiansen
3Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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Xiaohui Li
4Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LA BioMed and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
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Ching-Yu Cheng
5Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
6Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
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  • ORCID record for Ching-Yu Cheng
Maggie C.Y. Ng
7Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
8Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
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Albert V. Smith
9Department of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
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Elizabeth J. Rossin
10Massachusetts Eye and Ear Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Ayellet V. Segrè
10Massachusetts Eye and Ear Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Samaneh Davoudi
10Massachusetts Eye and Ear Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Gavin S. Tan
5Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
6Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
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Yii-Der Ida Chen
4Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LA BioMed and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
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Jane Z. Kuo
4Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LA BioMed and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
11Medical Affairs, Ophthalmology, Sun Pharmaceutical Industries, Inc., Princeton, NJ
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Latchezar M. Dimitrov
7Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
8Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
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Lynn K. Stanwyck
10Massachusetts Eye and Ear Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Weihua Meng
12Division of Population Health Sciences, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee School of Medicine, Scotland, U.K.
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S. Mohsen Hosseini
13Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Minako Imamura
14Laboratory for Endocrinology, Metabolism and Kidney Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
15Department of Advanced Genomic and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
16Division of Clinical Laboratory and Blood Transfusion, University of the Ryukyus Hospital, Nishihara, Japan
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Darryl Nousome
17Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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Jihye Kim
18Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
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Yang Hai
4Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LA BioMed and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
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Yucheng Jia
4Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LA BioMed and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
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Jeeyun Ahn
19Department of Ophthalmology, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Aaron Leong
20Endocrine Unit and Diabetes Unit, Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
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Kaanan Shah
21Section of Genetic Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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Kyu Hyung Park
22Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
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Xiuqing Guo
4Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LA BioMed and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
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Eli Ipp
23Section of Diabetes and Metabolism, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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Kent D. Taylor
4Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LA BioMed and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
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Sharon G. Adler
24Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California, Torrance, CA
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John R. Sedor
25Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
26Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
27Division of Nephrology, MetroHealth System, Cleveland, OH
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Barry I. Freedman
28Section on Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
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I-Te Lee
29Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
30School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
31School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Wayne H.-H. Sheu
29Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
30School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
31School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
32School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Michiaki Kubo
33RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
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Atsushi Takahashi
34Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
35Department of Genomic Medicine, Research Institute, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
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Samy Hadjadj
36CHU de Poitiers, Centre d’Investigation Clinique, Poitiers, France
37Université de Poitiers, UFR Médecine Pharmacie, Centre d’Investigation Clinique 1402, Poitiers, France
38INSERM, Centre d’Investigation Clinique 1402, Poitiers, France
39L’Institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
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Michel Marre
40Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
41Department of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, DHU FIRE, Paris, France
42INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
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David-Alexandre Tregouet
43Team Genomics & Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, UPMC, Sorbonne Universités, INSERM, UMR_S 1166, Paris, France
44Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
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Roberta Mckean-Cowdin
17Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
45Department of Ophthalmology, USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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Rohit Varma
17Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
45Department of Ophthalmology, USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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Mark I. McCarthy
46Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, U.K.
47Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.
48NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, U.K.
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Leif Groop
49Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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Emma Ahlqvist
49Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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Valeriya Lyssenko
49Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
50Department of Clinical Science, KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Elisabet Agardh
49Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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Andrew Morris
51Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K.
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Alex S.F. Doney
52Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, U.K.
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Helen M. Colhoun
53Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K.
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Iiro Toppila
54Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
55Abdominal Center, Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
56Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Niina Sandholm
54Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
55Abdominal Center, Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
56Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Per-Henrik Groop
54Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
55Abdominal Center, Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
56Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
57Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Shiro Maeda
14Laboratory for Endocrinology, Metabolism and Kidney Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
15Department of Advanced Genomic and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
16Division of Clinical Laboratory and Blood Transfusion, University of the Ryukyus Hospital, Nishihara, Japan
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Craig L. Hanis
18Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
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Alan Penman
58Department of Preventive Medicine, John D. Bower School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
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Ching J. Chen
59Department of Ophthalmology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
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Heather Hancock
59Department of Ophthalmology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
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Paul Mitchell
60Centre for Vision Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Jamie E. Craig
61Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
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Emily Y. Chew
62Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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Andrew D. Paterson
63Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
64Program in Genetics & Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
65Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Michael A. Grassi
66Grassi Retina, Naperville, IL
67Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
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Colin Palmer
68Pat MacPherson Centre for Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, U.K.
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Donald W. Bowden
7Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
8Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
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Brian L. Yaspan
69Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA
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David Siscovick
70Institute for Urban Health, New York Academy of Medicine, New York, NY
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Mary Frances Cotch
62Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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Jie Jin Wang
5Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
60Centre for Vision Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Kathryn P. Burdon
71Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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Tien Y. Wong
5Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
72Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Barbara E.K. Klein
73Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
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  • ORCID record for Barbara E.K. Klein
Ronald Klein
73Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
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Jerome I. Rotter
4Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LA BioMed and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
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Sudha K. Iyengar
2Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western University, Cleveland, OH
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Alkes L. Price
1Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
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Lucia Sobrin
10Massachusetts Eye and Ear Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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  • ORCID record for Lucia Sobrin
  • For correspondence: lucia_sobrin@meei.harvard.edu

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