PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Strawbridge, Andrew B.
AU  - Elmendorf, Jeffrey S.
TI  - Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Bisphosphate Reverses Endothelin-1–Induced Insulin Resistance via an Actin-Dependent Mechanism
AID  - 10.2337/diabetes.54.6.1698
DP  - 2005 Jun 01
TA  - Diabetes
PG  - 1698--1705
VI  - 54
IP  - 6
4099  - http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/54/6/1698.short
4100  - http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/54/6/1698.full
SO  - Diabetes2005 Jun 01; 54
AB  - Phosphatidylinositol (PI) 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) plays a pivotal role in insulin-stimulated glucose transport as an important precursor to PI 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3) and a key regulator of actin polymerization. Since endothelin (ET)-1 impairs insulin sensitivity and PIP2 is a target of ET-1–induced signaling, we tested whether a change in insulin-stimulated PIP3 generation and signaling, PIP2-regulated actin polymerization, or a combination of both accounted for ET-1–induced insulin resistance. Concomitant with a time-dependent loss of insulin sensitivity, ET-1 caused a parallel reduction in plasma membrane PIP2. Despite decreased insulin-stimulated PI 3-kinase activity and PIP3 generation, ET-1 did not diminish downstream signaling to Akt-2. Furthermore, addition of exogenous PIP2, but not PIP3, restored insulin-regulated GLUT4 translocation and glucose transport impaired by ET-1. Microscopic and biochemical analyses revealed a PIP2-dependent loss of cortical filamentous actin (F-actin) in ET-1–treated cells. Restoration of insulin sensitivity by PIP2 add-back occurred concomitant with a reestablishment of cortical F-actin. The corrective effect of exogenous PIP2 in ET-1–induced insulin-resistant cells was not present in cells where cortical F-actin remained experimentally depolymerized. These data suggest that ET-1–induced insulin resistance results from reversible changes in PIP2-regulated actin polymerization and not PIP2-dependent signaling.