Baseline characteristics
| Type 1 diabetic patients | Healthy control subjects | |
|---|---|---|
| n (men/women) | 15 (8/7) | 15 (10/5) |
| Age (years) | 33.6 ± 10.3 | 31.5 ± 8.4 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.2 ± 2.3 | 23.2 ± 2.9 |
| Duration of diabetes (years) | 15.5 ± 6.9 | — |
| Insulin dose in diabetic patients (units/kg) | 0.72 ± 0.26 | — |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 135 ± 10 | 128 ± 9 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 79 ± 6 | 75 ± 7.5 |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 71 ± 10* | 63 ± 7 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.37 ± 0.60† | 5.13 ± 0.33 |
| Glucagon (pmol/l) | 13.6 ± 3.4 | 15.6 ± 4.7 |
| C-peptide (nmol/l) | <0.01† | 0.49 ± 0.21 |
| Epinephrine (nmol/l) | 0.23 ± 0.10 | 0.17 ± 0.08 |
| Norepinephrine (nmol/l) | 0.76 ± 0.35 | 0.59 ± 0.28 |
| Cortisol (μmol/l) | 0.61 ± 0.31 | 0.57 ± 0.33 |
| GH (IU/l) | 19.1 ± 20.5 | 10.2 ± 19.9 |
| VMCA (cm/s) | 72.2 ± 3.9 | 70.8 ± 4.8 |
Data are means ± SD.
* P < 0.05 vs. control subjects,
† P < 0.01 vs. control subjects. VMCA, median cerebral artery velocity; BP, blood pressure.