TABLE 1

Type 1 diabetes risk in relation to age, sex, relationship to proband, islet autoantibody number, and combinations in autoantibody- positive relatives: univariate analysis

Variable	n	Type 1 diabetes (n)	10-year diabetes risk (% ± SE)	HR (95% CI)	P
Age					0.06
<15 years	93	32	46 ± 7	1.7 (1.0–2.8)
>15 years	87	27	32 ± 6	1*
Sex					0.6
Male	91	28	34 ± 6	0.9 (0.5–1.5)
Female	89	31	43 ± 6	1*
Relation to proband					0.26
Offspring	65	22	47 ± 8	1.7 (0.9–3.4)	0.1
Sibling	68	22	37 ± 7	1.3 (0.7–2.6)	0.41
Parent	47	15	31 ± 7	1*
Autoantibody number					0.0001
One	100	22	25 ± 5	1*
Two	57	25	59 ± 9	3.1 (1.7–5.5)	<0.001
Three	23	12	69 ± 13	4.4 (2.1–9.0)	<0.001
Autoantibody combinations					0.0001
GADA alone	72	15	22 ± 6	1*
IAA alone	19	3	21 ± 11	0.8 (0.2–2.7)	0.68
IA2A alone	9	4	47 ± 17	3.0 (1.0–9.2)	0.05
GADA, IAA	27	8	52 ± 17	2.1 (0.9–5.1)	0.09
GADA, IA2A	27	14	61 ± 12	4.0 (1.9–8.4)	<0.001
IAA, IA2A	3	3	100	13.3 (3.8–47.2)	<0.001
GADA, IAA, IA2	23	12	69 ± 13	4.8 (2.2–10.4)	<0.001

*
* Reference cell used in Cox’s proportional hazard model.