Participant characteristics
| BRS+ (n = 10) | BRS− (n = 9) | CAN+ (n = 9) | Normal (n = 8) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male:female ratio | 9:1 | 9:0 | 8:1 | 7:1 | |
| Age (years) | 33.8 ± 2.8 | 33.4 ± 1.9 | 40.6 ± 1.7 | 33.8 ± 2.3 | 0.1 |
| Diabetes duration (years) | 14.6 ± 2.2 | 16.8 ± 2.5 | 18.6 ± 2.9 | — | 0.51 |
| HbA1c (%) | 9.1 ± 0.5 | 8.8 ± 0.3 | 9.6 ± 0.4 | 5.0 ± 0.07 | 0.44* |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.7 ± 0.9 | 25.8 ± 1.1 | 23.6 ± 1.1 | 24.3 ± 1.2 | 0.49 |
| BDR | 4 | 4 | 3 | — | |
| Laser-treated DR | 0 | 2 | 2 | — | |
| PN | 1 | 2 | 8 | — |
Data are means ± SE. BDR, background diabetic retinopathy; DR, diabetic retinopathy; PN, peripheral neuropathy.
* Excluding normal subjects.