Baseline characteristics of the study participants (n = 744)
Variables | Control subjects | Case subjects | P |
---|---|---|---|
n | 496 | 248 | — |
Sex (% men) | 62 | 62 | NS* |
Age (years) | 65 ± 3 | 66 ± 4 | NS* |
BMI (kg/m2) | 26 ± 3 | 29 ± 4 | <0.001 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 93 ± 13 | 101 ± 14 | <0.001 |
Duration of diabetes (years) | 13 ± 3 | 14 ± 3 | NS |
Oral hypoglycemic agents (%) | 61.9 | 63.3 | NS |
Insulin treatment only (%) | 12 | 14 | NS |
Current smokers (%) | 20 | 22 | NS |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 124 ± 13 | 131 ± 15 | <0.001 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 79 ± 12 | 83 ± 10 | <0.001 |
A1C (%) | 6.9 ± 0.8 | 7.2 ± 0.9 | 0.059 |
Triglycerides (mmol/l) | 1.24 ± 0.6 | 1.62 ± 0.9 | <0.001 |
HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.39 ± 0.3 | 1.25 ± 0.4 | <0.001 |
LDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 3.29 ± 0.4 | 3.27 ± 0.5 | NS |
AST (units/l) | 20 ± 10 | 26 ± 12 | <0.01 |
ALT (units/l) | 23 ± 12 | 33 ± 14 | <0.001 |
GGT (units/l) | 27 ± 14 | 38 ± 16 | <0.001 |
Microalbuminuria (%) | 20 | 23 | NS |
ATP III–defined metabolic syndrome (%) | 52 | 73 | <0.001 |
NAFLD (%) | 56 | 94 | <0.001 |
Data are the means ± SD, unless otherwise indicated. Differences were assessed by the unpaired t test (for normally distributed variables) and by the χ2 test (for categorical variables).
* Matched variables.