TABLE 1

Association of DCCT baseline variables with ACE polymorphisms

Variable Genotypes	n	ACE polymorphisms
Variable Genotypes				rs1800764					P	Insertion/deletion					P	rs9896208	P
			CC	CT	TT		II	ID	P	DD		CC	CT	TT	P		P
Total cohort	1,365	258	698	409		316	680	369		560	612	193
Sex
Male	717	126	374	217	0.41	168	364	185	0.56	296	315	106	0.69
Female	648	132	324	192	0.41		148	316	0.56	184		264	0.69	297	87
DCCT treatment
Intensive	671	124	332	215	0.25	163	337	171	0.38	294	286	91	0.12
Conventional	694	134	366	194	0.25		153	343	0.38	198		266	0.12	326	102
Cohort
Primary	686	134	347	205	0.82	151	351	184	0.52	279	312	95	0.88
Secondary	679	124	351	204	0.82		165	329	0.52	185		281	0.88	300	98
Use of ACE inhibitors during EDIC
Yes	408	68	230	110	0.030	90	208	110	0.77	167	185	56	0.87
No	885	176	429	280	0.030		210	435	0.77	240		364	0.87	391	130
Age at diagnosis (years)	1,365	20.8 ± 7.9	21.5 ± 8.1	21.0 ± 8.2	0.41	20.9 ± 8.3	21.5 ± 8.1	21.0 ± 7.9	0.43	21.1 ± 8.1	21.3 ± 8.1	21.3 ± 7.7	0.66
Age at baseline (years)	1,365	26.3 ± 7.0	27.1 ± 7.0	26.7 ± 7.3	0.33	26.7 ± 7.3	26.9 ± 7.1	26.7 ± 6.9	0.92	26.8 ± 7.2	26.8 ± 7.0	27.0 ± 7.1	0.86
Type 1 diabetes duration (years)	1,365	5.5 ± 4.1	5.6 ± 4.2	5.7 ± 4.2	0.80	5.9 ± 4.2	5.5 ± 4.1	5.7 ± 4.2	0.28	5.8 ± 4.2	5.4 ± 4.2	5.8 ± 4.1	0.20
HbA_1c at eligibility (%)	1,365	9.0 ± 1.6	9.0 ± 1.6	9.1 ± 1.6	0.46	9.1 ± 1.6	9.0 ± 1.6	9.0 ± 1.6	0.69	9.1 ± 1.5	9.0 ± 1.7	9.0 ± 1.6	0.50
BMI (kg/m²)	1,365	22.9 ± 2.7	23.5 ± 2.8	23.5 ± 2.8	0.01	23.5 ± 2.9	23.5 ± 2.8	23.1 ± 2.7	0.02	23.4 ± 2.9	23.4 ± 2.7	23.2 ± 2.8	0.77
Mean arterial pressure (mmHg)	1,365	86 ± 9	87 ± 9	86 ± 8	0.70	87 ± 8	86 ± 9	86 ± 9	0.95	87 ± 9	86 ± 9	87 ± 9	0.44
Total cholesterol (mg/dl)	1,365	178 ± 34	176 ± 33	176 ± 34	0.90	175 ± 34	177 ± 33	176 ± 33	0.67	177 ± 33	175 ± 33	178 ± 34	0.84
HDL cholesterol (mg/dl)	1,365	52 ± 13	50 ± 12	49 ± 11	0.12	49 ± 11	50 ± 12	51 ± 13	0.15	50 ± 12	50 ± 12	51 ± 12	0.45
Triglycerides (mg/dl)	1,365	79 ± 40	80 ± 42	87 ± 61	0.16	89 ± 67	78 ± 36	82 ± 48	0.06	84 ± 56	80 ± 38	80 ± 50	0.27
AER (μg/min)	1,365	10 ± 10	10 ± 12	12 ± 15	0.78	12 ± 15	10 ± 12	10 ± 10	0.05	12 ± 14	10 ± 10	10 ± 17	0.30

Data are means± SD. χ² P values are reported for categorical traits; other values are Kruskal-Wallis P values. The following variables were Ln transformed to normalize the data for statistical analysis: eligibility HbA_1c, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and AER.