Cognitive performance
| Cognitive domains and tests | Control subjects | Type 1 diabetic patients | Mean dif (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract reasoning | 0.09 ± 0.15 | −0.09 ± 0.15 | −0.18 (−0.62 to 0.25) |
| Memory | 0.09 ± 0.07 | −0.08 ± 0.07 | −0.17 (−0.36 to 0.02) |
| Working memory | −0.05 ± 0.11 | 0.05 ± 0.11 | 0.10 (−0.22 to 0.42) |
| Immediate memory and learning | 0.11 ± 0.09 | −0.09 ± 0.09 | −0.21 (−0.48 to 0.06) |
| Forgetting rate | 0.15 ± 0.13 | −0.12 ± 0.13 | −0.26 (−0.63 to 0.13) |
| Incidental memory | 0.15 ± 0.16 | −0.15 ± 0.16 | −0.30 (−0.76 to 0.16) |
| Information processing speed | 0.16 ± 0.10 | −0.17 ± 0.10 | −0.34 (−0.63 to −0.04)* |
| Attention and executive function | 0.07 ± 0.08 | −0.07 ± 0.08 | −0.13 (−0.37 to 0.10) |
| Visuoconstruction | −0.28 ± 0.15 | 0.28 ± 0.15 | 0.56 (0.13–0.98)* |
Domain scores are presented as adjusted z-scores ± SE. Mean dif: the adjusted between group difference (type 1 diabetic patients − control subjects) in the univariate ANOVA; scores are adjusted for estimated premorbid IQ. Negative z-values indicate worse performance.
* P < 0.05.