Subjects' characteristics, metabolic variables, and body composition
| Placebo | TUDCA | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before | After | Before | After | |
| n (male/female) | 10 (4/6) | — | 10 (4/6) | — |
| Age (years) | 49 ± 14 | — | 47 ± 9 | — |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 37 ± 5 | 38 ± 5 | 35 ± 3 | 35 ± 3 |
| Total body mass (kg) | 109 ± 18 | 110 ± 17 | 100 ± 12 | 100 ± 12 |
| Fat mass (%) | 39 ± 7 | 39 ± 7 | 39 ± 8 | 39 ± 8 |
| Subcutaneous abdominal fat volume (cm3) | 5,087 ± 1,749 | 4,999 ± 1,672 | 4,803 ± 1,202 | 4,716 ± 1,188 |
| Intra-abdominal fat volume (cm3) | 2,146 ± 789 | 2,172 ± 716 | 2,724 ± 846 | 2,818 ± 924 |
| IHTG content (%) | 14.0 ± 10.7 | 13.7 ± 9.6 | 8.2 ± 5.5 | 9.3 ± 7.2 |
| HOMA-IR | 4.2 ± 1.8 | 4.3 ± 1.7 | 4.4 ± 2.7 | 3.8 ± 3.4 |
| Plasma concentrations | ||||
| Glucose (mg/dl) | 97 ± 9 | 97 ± 10 | 96 ± 9 | 94 ± 5 |
| Insulin (μU/ml) | 18 ± 7 | 18 ± 7 | 19 ± 12 | 16 ± 15 |
| FFAs (mmol/l) | 0.59 ± 0.13 | 0.63 ± 0.15 | 0.62 ± 0.15 | 0.62 ± 0.19 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 154 ± 52 | 145 ± 77 | 136 ± 67 | 141 ± 66 |
| AST (IU/l) | 25.9 ± 10.3 | 27.9 ± 14.5 | 22.4 ± 5.9 | 22.5 ± 6.1 |
| ALT (IU/l) | 30.3 ± 24.7 | 35.6 ± 34.9 | 26.9 ± 9.6 | 24.6 ± 8.1 |
| CRP (mg/l) | 5.67 ± 5.69 | 5.00 ± 3.87 | 5.40 ± 4.11 | 4.43 ± 2.94 |
| IL-6 (pg/ml) | 2.60 ± 0.95 | 2.44 ± 0.86 | 2.32 ± 0.65 | 2.60 ± 1.17 |
| Total adiponectin (mg/l) | 6.7 ± 3.8 | 6.9 ± 4.6 | 8.3 ± 3.1 | 8.3 ± 3.1 |
| HMW adiponectin (mg/l) | 2.2 ± 2.6 | 2.2 ± 2.9 | 3.1 ± 1.9 | 3.4 ± 2.4 |
Data are means ± SD. ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; CRP, C-reactive protein; HMW, high molecular weight; IL, interleukin.