TABLE 2

Plasma amino acid average concentrations (in μmol/l) in the postabsorptive state and after the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp^a

	Basal		Clamp
	T2DM (n = 8)	Control subjects (n = 10)	T2DM (n = 8)	Control subjects (n = 10)
Taurine	126 ± 12^‡	61 ± 9	137 ± 20^‡	47 ± 6
Asparagine	9 ± 2^‡	20 ± 4	7 ± 1^‡	13 ± 2^*
Threonine	99 ± 7^†	116 ± 6	63 ± 6^*^†	67 ± 5^*
Serine	87 ± 3	107 ± 9	63 ± 4^*	65 ± 4^*
Glycine	154 ± 9	173 ± 13	143 ± 9	134 ± 7
Alanine	306 ± 16	303 ± 25	254 ± 9	226 ± 11^*
Citrulline	35 ± 3	31 ± 2	24 ± 1^*	18 ± 1^*
Valine	250 ± 12	227 ± 17	173 ± 11^*	133 ± 12^*
Methionine	17 ± 1	20 ± 2	9 ± 1^*	14 ± 2^*
Isoleucine	70 ± 5	58 ± 4	30 ± 4^*	18 ± 2^*
Leucine	129 ± 5	137 ± 11	61 ± 5^*	69 ± 8^*
Tyrosine	49 ± 4	55 ± 4	29 ± 2^*	29 ± 2^*
Phenylalanine	49 ± 2	46 ± 2	34 ± 2^*	29 ± 2^*
Ornitine	62 ± 4	57 ± 4	40 ± 6^*	43 ± 4^*
Lysine	173 ± 5	176 ± 10	131 ± 7^*	122 ± 11^*
Histidine	68 ± 3	67 ± 4	58 ± 2^*	52 ± 4^*
Arginine	68 ± 3	91 ± 16	48 ± 6	50 ± 7^*
Total AA	1,749 ± 26	1,726 ± 61	1,304 ± 57^*	1,117 ± 49^*
BCAA	447 ± 20	423 ± 31	264 ± 20^*	220 ± 20^*

^aBCAA = Branched-chain amino acids. Glutamine, glutamate, and proline were not determined.
*P < 0.05 or less vs. basal (by ANOVA, post hoc Tukey test).
†P < 0.05.
‡P < 0.02 or less, type 2 diabetic vs. control subjects (by ANOVA, either interaction or group effect). T2DM, type 2 diabetic subjects.