Lipophilic and high–molecular weight metabolites differing in levels between LADA, T1D, and T2D
Metabolite | q | P | LADA vs. T1D | LADA vs. T2D | T1D vs. T2D | T1D | LADA | T2D |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LPC(20:3) | 1.44E-12 | 2.44E-14 | **** | NS | **** | 1 ± 0.093 | 1.82 ± 0.105 | 2.13 ± 0.104 |
LPC(16:1) | 3.07E-12 | 1.04E-13 | **** | NS | **** | 1 ± 0.073 | 1.98 ± 0.170 | 2.59 ± 0.211 |
Phe/Phe | 7.83E-12 | 3.98E-13 | **** | * | **** | 1 ± 0.072 | 1.71 ± 0.105 | 2.22 ± 0.154 |
LPC(20:5) | 1.11E-10 | 7.52E-12 | **** | NS | **** | 1 ± 0.129 | 2.67 ± 0.346 | 2.89 ± 0.282 |
LPC(14:0) | 2.63E-10 | 2.23E-11 | **** | NS | **** | 1 ± 0.083 | 1.96 ± 0.181 | 2.43 ± 0.231 |
PC(36:5) | 3.07E-10 | 3.13E-11 | **** | NS | **** | 1 ± 0.092 | 1.83 ± 0.129 | 2.07 ± 0.113 |
PC(40:6) | 4.18E-08 | 5.48E-09 | **** | NS | **** | 1 ± 0.091 | 1.77 ± 0.168 | 1.88 ± 0.123 |
Uric acid | 1.39E-07 | 2.13E-08 | *** | NS | **** | 1 ± 0.103 | 1.67 ± 0.144 | 2.20 ± 0.159 |
LPC(20:2) | 1.40E-07 | 2.38E-08 | **** | NS | **** | 1 ± 0.073 | 1.49 ± 0.085 | 1.58 ± 0.076 |
LPC(17:1) | 3.47E-07 | 6.47E-08 | **** | NS | **** | 1 ± 0.061 | 1.67 ± 0.157 | 1.71 ± 0.126 |
LPC(20:4) | 5.78E-07 | 1.18E-07 | *** | NS | **** | 1 ± 0.065 | 1.35 ± 0.073 | 1.49 ± 0.058 |
C14:1 carnitine | 8.25E-07 | 1.82E-07 | **** | NS | **** | 1 ± 0.176 | 1.97 ± 0.239 | 2.92 ± 0.421 |
Tyrosine | 9.54E-07 | 2.26E-07 | ** | NS | **** | 1 ± 0.064 | 1.26 ± 0.054 | 1.51 ± 0.067 |
C16 carnitine | 1.79E-06 | 4.55E-07 | *** | NS | **** | 1 ± 0.123 | 1.75 ± 0.181 | 2.36 ± 0.245 |
Hypoxanthine | 2.26E-06 | 6.14E-07 | *** | NS | **** | 1 ± 0.313 | 3.26 ± 0.775 | 4.80 ± 0.924 |
PC(34:3) | 2.44E-06 | 7.02E-07 | **** | NS | **** | 1 ± 0.057 | 1.37 ± 0.064 | 1.45 ± 0.065 |
LPC(16:0) | 2.82E-06 | 8.62E-07 | *** | NS | **** | 1 ± 0.033 | 1.14 ± 0.026 | 1.20 ± 0.021 |
C14 carnitine | 5.72E-06 | 1.84E-06 | *** | NS | **** | 1 ± 0.149 | 2.17 ± 0.275 | 3.19 ± 0.439 |
C18:1 carnitine | 1.58E-05 | 5.36E-06 | ** | NS | **** | 1 ± 0.136 | 1.62 ± 0.171 | 2.12 ± 0.218 |
PC(38:6) | 3.30E-05 | 1.18E-05 | *** | NS | **** | 1 ± 0.070 | 1.35 ± 0.067 | 1.36 ± 0.050 |
C8 carnitine | 4.97E-05 | 1.85E-05 | *** | NS | **** | 1 ± 0.171 | 2.05 ± 0.270 | 2.75 ± 0.432 |
C12 carnitine | 8.76E-05 | 3.45E-05 | *** | NS | **** | 1 ± 0.137 | 1.90 ± 0.240 | 2.52 ± 0.336 |
Prothionamide | 8.76E-05 | 3.56E-05 | ** | NS | **** | 1 ± 0.201 | 3.47 ± 0.549 | 4.48 ± 0.618 |
LPC(15:0) | 8.93E-05 | 3.78E-05 | ** | NS | **** | 1 ± 0.072 | 1.40 ± 0.114 | 1.52 ± 0.097 |
Cinnamic acid | 1.10E-04 | 4.86E-05 | * | NS | **** | 1 ± 0.065 | 1.25 ± 0.054 | 1.53 ± 0.077 |
C18 carnitine | 2.05E-04 | 9.37E-05 | ** | NS | **** | 1 ± 0.100 | 1.37 ± 0.136 | 1.57 ± 0.126 |
LPC(18:0) | 2.82E-04 | 1.34E-04 | ** | NS | *** | 1 ± 0.040 | 1.15 ± 0.034 | 1.20 ± 0.029 |
C10 carnitine | 4.27E-04 | 2.10E-04 | ** | NS | *** | 1 ± 0.218 | 2.28 ± 0.460 | 3.06 ± 0.512 |
Inosine | 6.32E-04 | 3.21E-04 | NS | NS | *** | 1 ± 0.321 | 2.65 ± 0.582 | 3.77 ± 0.665 |
PC(36:1) | 7.00E-04 | 3.68E-04 | NS | NS | *** | 1 ± 0.069 | 0.78 ± 0.053 | 0.64 ± 0.042 |
C5 carnitine | 1.00E-03 | 5.45E-04 | * | NS | *** | 1 ± 0.103 | 1.55 ± 0.148 | 1.79 ± 0.215 |
LPC(18:1) | 1.32E-03 | 7.37E-04 | * | NS | *** | 1 ± 0.039 | 1.12 ± 0.030 | 1.15 ± 0.023 |
C18:2 carnitine | 1.89E-03 | 1.09E-03 | * | NS | *** | 1 ± 0.132 | 1.39 ± 0.156 | 1.87 ± 0.220 |
C8:1 carnitine | 2.19E-03 | 1.30E-03 | ** | NS | **** | 1 ± 0.136 | 1.62 ± 0.171 | 2.12 ± 0.218 |
Leu/Ile | 3.62E-03 | 2.21E-03 | NS | NS | NS | 1 ± 0.121 | 1.22 ± 0.183 | 1.87 ± 0.248 |
3-amino 2-naphtoic acid | 5.74E-03 | 3.60E-03 | NS | NS | ** | 1 ± 0.047 | 1.11 ± 0.039 | 1.23 ± 0.048 |
PC(32:1) | 1.01E-02 | 6.48E-03 | NS | NS | ** | 1 ± 0.097 | 1.46 ± 0.169 | 1.80 ± 0.192 |
Tyr/Val | 1.02E-02 | 6.73E-03 | NS | NS | ** | 1 ± 0.083 | 1.86 ± 0.157 | 2.10 ± 0.149 |
LPC(17:0) | 1.13E-02 | 7.68E-03 | * | NS | * | 1 ± 0.067 | 1.24 ± 0.082 | 1.24 ± 0.062 |
C10:2 carnitine | 1.42E-02 | 9.88E-03 | NS | NS | ** | 1 ± 0.076 | 1.13 ± 0.071 | 1.42 ± 0.162 |
C6 carnitine | 2.22E-02 | 1.58E-02 | NS | * | NS | 1 ± 0.040 | 0.88 ± 0.031 | 1.04 ± 0.046 |
Pipecolic acid | 3.68E-02 | 2.68E-02 | * | NS | NS | 1 ± 0.059 | 0.68 ± 0.042 | 0.60 ± 0.035 |
Glu/Phe | 4.00E-02 | 2.98E-02 | NS | NS | NS | 1 ± 0.096 | 1.04 ± 0.090 | 1.25 ± 0.092 |
4-Acetamidobutanoate | 4.03E-02 | 3.07E-02 | NS | NS | * | 1 ± 0.199 | 1.91 ± 0.484 | 2.52 ± 0.503 |
Betaine | 4.47E-02 | 3.56E-02 | NS | NS | *** | 1 ± 0.052 | 1.14 ± 0.046 | 1.27 ± 0.056 |
Data are expressed as the mean fold to T1D ± SEM. Differences were assessed by ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey test on log2-transformed data. P values were corrected for multiple comparison using the false discovery rate method. NS, not significant.
*P/q < 0.05;
**P/q < 0.01;
***P/q < 0.001;
****P/q < 0.0001.