Table 3

Lipophilic and high–molecular weight metabolites differing in levels between LADA, T1D, and T2D

Metabolite	q	P	LADA vs. T1D	LADA vs. T2D	T1D vs. T2D	T1D	LADA	T2D
LPC(20:3)	1.44E-12	2.44E-14	^****	NS	^****	1 ± 0.093	1.82 ± 0.105	2.13 ± 0.104
LPC(16:1)	3.07E-12	1.04E-13	^****	NS	^****	1 ± 0.073	1.98 ± 0.170	2.59 ± 0.211
Phe/Phe	7.83E-12	3.98E-13	^****	^*	^****	1 ± 0.072	1.71 ± 0.105	2.22 ± 0.154
LPC(20:5)	1.11E-10	7.52E-12	^****	NS	^****	1 ± 0.129	2.67 ± 0.346	2.89 ± 0.282
LPC(14:0)	2.63E-10	2.23E-11	^****	NS	^****	1 ± 0.083	1.96 ± 0.181	2.43 ± 0.231
PC(36:5)	3.07E-10	3.13E-11	^****	NS	^****	1 ± 0.092	1.83 ± 0.129	2.07 ± 0.113
PC(40:6)	4.18E-08	5.48E-09	^****	NS	^****	1 ± 0.091	1.77 ± 0.168	1.88 ± 0.123
Uric acid	1.39E-07	2.13E-08	^***	NS	^****	1 ± 0.103	1.67 ± 0.144	2.20 ± 0.159
LPC(20:2)	1.40E-07	2.38E-08	^****	NS	^****	1 ± 0.073	1.49 ± 0.085	1.58 ± 0.076
LPC(17:1)	3.47E-07	6.47E-08	^****	NS	^****	1 ± 0.061	1.67 ± 0.157	1.71 ± 0.126
LPC(20:4)	5.78E-07	1.18E-07	^***	NS	^****	1 ± 0.065	1.35 ± 0.073	1.49 ± 0.058
C14:1 carnitine	8.25E-07	1.82E-07	^****	NS	^****	1 ± 0.176	1.97 ± 0.239	2.92 ± 0.421
Tyrosine	9.54E-07	2.26E-07	^**	NS	^****	1 ± 0.064	1.26 ± 0.054	1.51 ± 0.067
C16 carnitine	1.79E-06	4.55E-07	^***	NS	^****	1 ± 0.123	1.75 ± 0.181	2.36 ± 0.245
Hypoxanthine	2.26E-06	6.14E-07	^***	NS	^****	1 ± 0.313	3.26 ± 0.775	4.80 ± 0.924
PC(34:3)	2.44E-06	7.02E-07	^****	NS	^****	1 ± 0.057	1.37 ± 0.064	1.45 ± 0.065
LPC(16:0)	2.82E-06	8.62E-07	^***	NS	^****	1 ± 0.033	1.14 ± 0.026	1.20 ± 0.021
C14 carnitine	5.72E-06	1.84E-06	^***	NS	^****	1 ± 0.149	2.17 ± 0.275	3.19 ± 0.439
C18:1 carnitine	1.58E-05	5.36E-06	^**	NS	^****	1 ± 0.136	1.62 ± 0.171	2.12 ± 0.218
PC(38:6)	3.30E-05	1.18E-05	^***	NS	^****	1 ± 0.070	1.35 ± 0.067	1.36 ± 0.050
C8 carnitine	4.97E-05	1.85E-05	^***	NS	^****	1 ± 0.171	2.05 ± 0.270	2.75 ± 0.432
C12 carnitine	8.76E-05	3.45E-05	^***	NS	^****	1 ± 0.137	1.90 ± 0.240	2.52 ± 0.336
Prothionamide	8.76E-05	3.56E-05	^**	NS	^****	1 ± 0.201	3.47 ± 0.549	4.48 ± 0.618
LPC(15:0)	8.93E-05	3.78E-05	^**	NS	^****	1 ± 0.072	1.40 ± 0.114	1.52 ± 0.097
Cinnamic acid	1.10E-04	4.86E-05	^*	NS	^****	1 ± 0.065	1.25 ± 0.054	1.53 ± 0.077
C18 carnitine	2.05E-04	9.37E-05	^**	NS	^****	1 ± 0.100	1.37 ± 0.136	1.57 ± 0.126
LPC(18:0)	2.82E-04	1.34E-04	^**	NS	^***	1 ± 0.040	1.15 ± 0.034	1.20 ± 0.029
C10 carnitine	4.27E-04	2.10E-04	^**	NS	^***	1 ± 0.218	2.28 ± 0.460	3.06 ± 0.512
Inosine	6.32E-04	3.21E-04	NS	NS	^***	1 ± 0.321	2.65 ± 0.582	3.77 ± 0.665
PC(36:1)	7.00E-04	3.68E-04	NS	NS	^***	1 ± 0.069	0.78 ± 0.053	0.64 ± 0.042
C5 carnitine	1.00E-03	5.45E-04	^*	NS	^***	1 ± 0.103	1.55 ± 0.148	1.79 ± 0.215
LPC(18:1)	1.32E-03	7.37E-04	^*	NS	^***	1 ± 0.039	1.12 ± 0.030	1.15 ± 0.023
C18:2 carnitine	1.89E-03	1.09E-03	^*	NS	^***	1 ± 0.132	1.39 ± 0.156	1.87 ± 0.220
C8:1 carnitine	2.19E-03	1.30E-03	^**	NS	^****	1 ± 0.136	1.62 ± 0.171	2.12 ± 0.218
Leu/Ile	3.62E-03	2.21E-03	NS	NS	NS	1 ± 0.121	1.22 ± 0.183	1.87 ± 0.248
3-amino 2-naphtoic acid	5.74E-03	3.60E-03	NS	NS	^**	1 ± 0.047	1.11 ± 0.039	1.23 ± 0.048
PC(32:1)	1.01E-02	6.48E-03	NS	NS	^**	1 ± 0.097	1.46 ± 0.169	1.80 ± 0.192
Tyr/Val	1.02E-02	6.73E-03	NS	NS	^**	1 ± 0.083	1.86 ± 0.157	2.10 ± 0.149
LPC(17:0)	1.13E-02	7.68E-03	^*	NS	^*	1 ± 0.067	1.24 ± 0.082	1.24 ± 0.062
C10:2 carnitine	1.42E-02	9.88E-03	NS	NS	^**	1 ± 0.076	1.13 ± 0.071	1.42 ± 0.162
C6 carnitine	2.22E-02	1.58E-02	NS	^*	NS	1 ± 0.040	0.88 ± 0.031	1.04 ± 0.046
Pipecolic acid	3.68E-02	2.68E-02	^*	NS	NS	1 ± 0.059	0.68 ± 0.042	0.60 ± 0.035
Glu/Phe	4.00E-02	2.98E-02	NS	NS	NS	1 ± 0.096	1.04 ± 0.090	1.25 ± 0.092
4-Acetamidobutanoate	4.03E-02	3.07E-02	NS	NS	^*	1 ± 0.199	1.91 ± 0.484	2.52 ± 0.503
Betaine	4.47E-02	3.56E-02	NS	NS	^***	1 ± 0.052	1.14 ± 0.046	1.27 ± 0.056

Data are expressed as the mean fold to T1D ± SEM. Differences were assessed by ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey test on log2-transformed data. P values were corrected for multiple comparison using the false discovery rate method. NS, not significant.
*P/q < 0.05;
**P/q < 0.01;
***P/q < 0.001;
****P/q < 0.0001.