Basic clinical characteristics of the cohort at diabetes diagnosis and comparison according to autoimmunity status
| All | Ab− group | Only IAA+ group | Other* | P (comparing Ab− and only IAA+ groups) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % (n) | 153 | 56.2 (86) | 42.5 (65) | 4.8 (2) | NA |
| Female, % (n) | 47.7 (73) | 53.5 (46) | 40 (26) | 50 (1) | 0.1 |
| Age at diabetes diagnosis, months | 106 ± 68 | 124 ± 71 | 82 ± 56 | 135 ± 16 | <0.001 |
| Glycemia, mmol/L | 15.8 ± 9.4 | 14.6 ± 10.9 | 18.3 ± 6.5 | 9.4 ± 2.2 | 0.028 |
| HbA1c, % (mmol/mol) | 8.2 ± 2.3 (66 ± 2) | 7.9 ± 2.9 (63 ± 9) | 9.1 ± 2.9 (76 ± 9) | 7.1 ± 0.8 (54 ± 1) | 0.98 |
| C-peptide, pmol/L | 800 ± 2,100† | 1,000 ± 2,600‡ | 400 ± 400§ | 1,000‖ | 0.107 |
| Ketosis, % (n) | 51.4 (74 of 144) | 44.6 (37 of 83) | 62.7 (37 of 59) | 0 | 0.033 |
| OHA, % (n) | 3.9 (5 of 129) | 6.9 (5 of 72) | 0 | 0 | <0.001 |
| Insulin, % (n) | 65.1 (84 of 129) | 47.2 (34 of 72) | 90.9 (50 of 55) | 0 | <0.001 |
| Insulin dose, units/kg/day | 0.76 ± 0.46 | 0.7 ± 0.4 | 0.9 ± 0.5 | — | 0.135 |
| Family history of diabetes, % (n) | 47.7 (73 of 153) | 55.8 (48 of 86) | 36.9 (24 of 65) | 50 (1 of 2) | 0.021 |
| Variants found in MODY genes, % (n) | 27.5 (42 of 153) | 40.7 (35 of 86) | 9.2 (6 of 65) | 50 (1 of 2) | <0.001 |
Data are mean ± SD unless otherwise indicated. The 153 individuals selected for genetic analysis were divided into three groups according to their autoimmunity status (antibody negative, only IAA+, and GAD65+), and clinical characteristics were compared. Ab, antibody; OHA, oral hypoglycemic agents.
* One patient GAD65+ and one patient GAD65+ and IAA+.
†Valid data for 57 of 153 cases.
‡Valid data for 37 of 86 cases.
§Valid data for 20 of 65 cases.
‖Valid data for 1 of 2 cases.